Drilldown: Medicines
Medicines > classes 
:
Classic Psychedelic or
Sedative-Hypnotic or
[[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]]
:
Classic Psychedelic or
Sedative-Hypnotic or
[[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]] Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
brand:
None (78) ·
(none, never marketed) (1) ·
Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) ·
Ativan (oral, injectable), Loreev XR (1) ·
Dalmane (1) ·
Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) ·
Doral (1) ·
Doriden (1) ·
Halcion (1) ·
Hetlioz (1) ·
Imovane (1) ·
Klonopin (1) ·
Lunesta (1) ·
Mogadon (1) ·
Nembutal (1) ·
Placidyl (1) ·
ProSom (1) ·
Quaalude (1) ·
Restoril (1) ·
Rohypnol (1) ·
Rozerem (1) ·
Seconal (1) ·
Sonata (1) ·
THIP (1) ·
Ultram (IR), Ultram ER, ConZip ER (1) ·
Valium (oral, IV/IM, rectal), Diastat (rectal gel for breakthrough seizures), Valtoco (nasal spray for breakthrough seizures), Libervant (buccal film) (1) ·
Versed (1) ·
Xyrem (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
5-HT2A agonist (26) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) ·
None (7) ·
Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) ·
LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) ·
Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) ·
Contains LSA (2) ·
Contains mescaline (2) ·
GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) ·
Melatonin receptor agonist (2)
uses:
None (99) ·
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (2)
starting dose:
None (99) ·
'''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) ·
Anxiety: 0.25 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.125-0.25 mg every 3 days to target 1-4 mg/day divided. Seizures: 1.5 mg/day divided TID, titrate by 0.5-1 mg every 3 days (1) ·
Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) ·
Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO 2-4 times daily. Alcohol withdrawal: 10-20 mg PO/IV every 4-6 hours, symptom-triggered. Status epilepticus: 5-10 mg IV. Breakthrough seizures: Diastat rectal 0.2-0.5 mg/kg or Valtoco intranasal 5-20 mg (1) ·
IR: 25-50 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed, titrate as tolerated. ER: 100 mg PO once daily, titrate by 100 mg every 5 days (1) ·
No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (99) ·
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) ·
IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) ·
IR tablets 50 mg; ER tablets 100, 200, 300 mg (Ultram ER, ConZip); oral solution 5 mg/mL; combination products with acetaminophen (Ultracet) (1) ·
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg (1) ·
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; orally disintegrating tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg (1) ·
Tablets 2, 5, 10 mg; oral solution 1, 5 mg/mL; injection 5 mg/mL; Diastat rectal gel 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg; Valtoco nasal spray 5, 7.5, 10 mg/dose; Libervant buccal film (1)
fda max:
None (99) ·
10 mg/day (anxiety, oral) (1) ·
10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) ·
20 mg/day (seizures); commonly limited to 4 mg/day for anxiety in current practice (1) ·
40 mg/day (oral, anxiety) (1) ·
400 mg/day (IR, adult); 300 mg/day (ER); 300 mg/day in elderly >75 years (1) ·
N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
onset:
duration:
None (98) ·
4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) (1) ·
6-12 hours (long-acting among benzodiazepines) (1) ·
6-24 hours (parent); much longer when accounting for the long-lived active metabolites (1) ·
6-8 hours (1) ·
6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) ·
6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) ·
8–12 hours (1)
halflife:
None (98) ·
12-15 hours (intermediate); '''no active metabolites''' (key clinical feature)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) ·
30-40 hours (long; accumulates with chronic dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) ·
3–5 hours (1) ·
Diazepam 20-50 hours; '''N-desmethyldiazepam (nordazepam) 30-200 hours''' is the major active metabolite and accumulates substantially with chronic dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) ·
Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) ·
Tramadol 6-7 hours; M1 active metabolite 7-9 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) ·
~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (98) ·
70–90% (oral) (1) ·
Not formally characterized in humans. (1) ·
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) ·
~75% (IR, rises with multi-dose administration due to saturable first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) ·
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) ·
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) ·
~93% (oral); ~90% (rectal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (98) ·
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) ·
Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited human data; some signal for cleft palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Not established (1) ·
Some signal for cleft lip/palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Some signal for cleft palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
None (99) ·
Schedule I (United States) (1) ·
[[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US (federally scheduled 2014); some states schedule higher'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) ·
[[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1) ·
[[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (2) ·
[[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)
Showing below up to 105 results in range #1 to #105.