Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

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Other values:

None (137) · (none, never marketed) (1) · DXM (1) · DXO (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Provigil (US, 100 mg and 200 mg tablets); Alertec (Canada); Modiodal (France, original market). See also: Armodafinil (Nuvigil), the R-enantiomer, a related eugeroic approved 2007 with a longer effective half-life. (1) · Spravato (1) · Vyvanse, Elvanse (EU) (1)

5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · NMDA antagonist (3) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist; sigma receptor agonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2)

Other values:

None (141) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults, as adjunct to oral antidepressant (FDA-approved March 2019). Depressive symptoms in adults with MDD with acute suicidal ideation or behavior (FDA-approved Aug 2020). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (1)

None (140) · ADHD: 30 mg PO once daily in the morning; titrate by 10-20 mg weekly to clinical effect. Binge-eating disorder: 30 mg/day, titrate to 50-70 mg/day (1) · Induction (TRD): 56 mg intranasal twice weekly × 4 weeks. Maintenance: 56-84 mg once weekly × 4 weeks, then 56-84 mg every 1-2 weeks. For acute suicidality: 84 mg twice weekly × 4 weeks. Administered under medical supervision in REMS-certified site. (1) · Narcolepsy/OSA: 200 mg PO once daily in the morning. Shift work disorder: 200 mg PO approximately 1 hour before the start of the work shift. Lower starting dose (100 mg) can be considered in elderly patients or those with hepatic impairment. (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (140) · 28 mg/device (each dose uses 2 devices) (1) · Capsules 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 mg; chewable tablets 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Oral tablets 100 mg and 200 mg (Provigil and generics). No IV or extended-release formulations available; compare armodafinil (Nuvigil) 50/150/250 mg tablets as the R-enantiomer alternative. (1)

None (140) · 400 mg/day (though clinical trials and FDA label note that doses above 200 mg/day have not demonstrated additional benefit in controlled studies for the approved indications; 200 mg is the standard therapeutic dose).'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004B-QINU`"' (1) · 70 mg/day (1) · 84 mg per session (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (140) · Intranasal (under direct medical supervision) (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (2) · Oral only. (1) · sublingual (1)

None (140) · 1-2 hours (slower than immediate-release amphetamine because activation requires enzymatic cleavage in red blood cells) (1) · Peak plasma concentrations 2-4 hours after oral dose. Wakefulness-promoting effect onset correlates with peak plasma; subjective alertness typically reported within 1-2 hours of dosing. (1) · Within hours of first administration (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (140) · 10-12 hours (smoother profile than immediate-release amphetamine salts) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Acute effect ~24 hours; cumulative effect builds with repeated dosing (1) · Effective wakefulness promotion through approximately 12-15 hours reflecting the half-life of the predominant R-enantiomer. For shift-work use, 200 mg taken 1 hour before shift provides coverage through most 8-12 hour shifts. (1)

None (141) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Parent lisdexamfetamine <1 hour; dextroamphetamine 10-12 hours after release'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' (1) · ~7-12 hours (1)

None (140) · Approximately 80% (well-absorbed orally; not significantly affected by food, though food may delay Tmax by ~1 hour).'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004D-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~48% intranasal (1) · ~96% after red blood cell hydrolytic cleavage releases dextroamphetamine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1)

None (141) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Avoid; may cause fetal harm (1) · Limited human data; the amphetamine class is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal withdrawal symptoms.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)

None (142) · Rx, Schedule III (US). REMS program required. (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1)

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