Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Dissociative

or Research material

or [[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]]

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Other values:

None (137) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Ativan (oral, injectable), Loreev XR (1) · DXM (1) · DXO (1) · Klonopin (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Spravato (1) · Ultram (IR), Ultram ER, ConZip ER (1) · Valium (oral, IV/IM, rectal), Diastat (rectal gel for breakthrough seizures), Valtoco (nasal spray for breakthrough seizures), Libervant (buccal film) (1)

5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · None (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · NMDA antagonist (3) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist; sigma receptor agonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2)

Other values:

None (140) · '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · Anxiety: 0.25 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.125-0.25 mg every 3 days to target 1-4 mg/day divided. Seizures: 1.5 mg/day divided TID, titrate by 0.5-1 mg every 3 days (1) · Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) · Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO 2-4 times daily. Alcohol withdrawal: 10-20 mg PO/IV every 4-6 hours, symptom-triggered. Status epilepticus: 5-10 mg IV. Breakthrough seizures: Diastat rectal 0.2-0.5 mg/kg or Valtoco intranasal 5-20 mg (1) · Induction (TRD): 56 mg intranasal twice weekly × 4 weeks. Maintenance: 56-84 mg once weekly × 4 weeks, then 56-84 mg every 1-2 weeks. For acute suicidality: 84 mg twice weekly × 4 weeks. Administered under medical supervision in REMS-certified site. (1) · IR: 25-50 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed, titrate as tolerated. ER: 100 mg PO once daily, titrate by 100 mg every 5 days (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (140) · 28 mg/device (each dose uses 2 devices) (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) · IR tablets 50 mg; ER tablets 100, 200, 300 mg (Ultram ER, ConZip); oral solution 5 mg/mL; combination products with acetaminophen (Ultracet) (1) · Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg (1) · Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; orally disintegrating tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg (1) · Tablets 2, 5, 10 mg; oral solution 1, 5 mg/mL; injection 5 mg/mL; Diastat rectal gel 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg; Valtoco nasal spray 5, 7.5, 10 mg/dose; Libervant buccal film (1)

None (140) · 10 mg/day (anxiety, oral) (1) · 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 20 mg/day (seizures); commonly limited to 4 mg/day for anxiety in current practice (1) · 40 mg/day (oral, anxiety) (1) · 400 mg/day (IR, adult); 300 mg/day (ER); 300 mg/day in elderly >75 years (1) · 84 mg per session (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (140) · buccal (1) · IM (1) · intramuscular (1) · intranasal (1) · Intranasal (under direct medical supervision) (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · intravenous (1) · IV (1) · Oral (6) · oromucosal spray (1) · rectal (1) · sublingual (2)

None (140) · 15-30 minutes (1) · 15-60 minutes (oral); 1-5 minutes (IV); 4-10 minutes (rectal or intranasal) (1) · 20-60 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (IR) (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV); 15-30 minutes (IM) (1) · Within hours of first administration (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (140) · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) (1) · 6-12 hours (long-acting among benzodiazepines) (1) · 6-24 hours (parent); much longer when accounting for the long-lived active metabolites (1) · 6-8 hours (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Acute effect ~24 hours; cumulative effect builds with repeated dosing (1)

None (140) · 12-15 hours (intermediate); '''no active metabolites''' (key clinical feature)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · 30-40 hours (long; accumulates with chronic dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Diazepam 20-50 hours; '''N-desmethyldiazepam (nordazepam) 30-200 hours''' is the major active metabolite and accumulates substantially with chronic dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Tramadol 6-7 hours; M1 active metabolite 7-9 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · ~7-12 hours (1)

None (140) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~48% intranasal (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~75% (IR, rises with multi-dose administration due to saturable first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~93% (oral); ~90% (rectal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1)

None (140) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Avoid; may cause fetal harm (1) · Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data; some signal for cleft palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Some signal for cleft lip/palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Some signal for cleft palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (141) · Rx, Schedule III (US). REMS program required. (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US (federally scheduled 2014); some states schedule higher'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (2) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)

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