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Medicines > classes : Empathogen or [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]]

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generic:
4-FA (1) · 5-APB (1) · 5-MAPB (1) · 6-APB (1) · 6-APDB (1) · Butylone (1) · Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) · Ephylone (1) · Ethylone (1) · Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid) (1) · MDA (1) · MDAI (1) · MDEA (1) · MDMA (1) · Mephedrone (1) · Methylone (1) · Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) (1) · PMA (1) · PMMA (1) · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1)
brand:
None (16) · Folvite; mostly generic (1) · Many generics/OTC (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) · Niaspan (ER, Rx), Niacor (IR, Rx); huge OTC presence (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (3) · MAO inhibitor; monoamine releasing agent (1) · MAO inhibitor; serotonin releasing agent (1) · Monoamine releasing agent (3) · Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Monoamine releasing agent; serotonergic at higher doses (1) · Serotonin releasing agent (2) · Serotonin releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (3) · Serotonin/dopamine/norepinephrine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)
uses:
None (16) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B6-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001035-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001036-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001037-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (16) · 0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) · Niaspan ER 500 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 1-2 g/d; flushing-protective aspirin 30-60 minutes before dose; pellagra replacement 100-500 mg/d (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1)
preparations:
None (16) · 0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence) (1)
fda max:
None (16) · 1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 2 g/d (Niaspan); higher off-label use historical (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1)
routes:
None (16) · IM (2) · intranasal (1) · IV (2) · IV (rare) (1) · Oral (4) · SC (2) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (16) · Hematologic response within days (1) · Lipid changes 4-8 weeks (1) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1)
duration:
None (16) · 24 hours (1) · N/A (1) · N/A (replacement) (2)
halflife:
None (16) · ~0.5 hours plasma; tissue retention longer (1) · ~1 hour (IR niacin); ER formulations extend functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00001038-QINU`"' (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1)
bioavailability:
None (16) · High (oral) (1) · High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1)
pregnancy:
None (16) · Pharmacologic doses generally avoided in pregnancy; vitamin doses fine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy and preconception to prevent neural tube defects.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (16) · OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (1 mg, injectable) in US (1) · OTC (low-dose, dietary supplement) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Niaspan ER) in US (1) · OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) · OTC in US (1)

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