Drilldown: Medicines
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
Artemisia absinthium (1) ·
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) ·
Atropa belladonna (1) ·
Banisteriopsis caapi (1) ·
Black Drink (1) ·
Brugmansia (1) ·
Chocolate (1) ·
Coffee (1) ·
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) ·
Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid) (1) ·
Guarana (1) ·
Hyoscyamus niger (1) ·
Kola (1) ·
Mandragora officinarum (1) ·
Mescal Bean (1) ·
Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) (1) ·
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1) ·
Tea (1) ·
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; mixed natural and synthetic forms) (1) ·
Yerba mate (1)
brand:
''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) ·
''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) ·
''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) ·
''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) ·
''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) ·
''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) ·
''Paullinia cupana'' (1) ·
''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) ·
''Theobroma cacao'' (1) ·
Deadly nightshade (1) ·
Folvite; mostly generic (1) ·
Generic; huge OTC presence (1) ·
Generic; many OTC formulations (1) ·
Henbane, black henbane (1) ·
Mandrake (1) ·
Many generics/OTC (1) ·
Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) ·
Niaspan (ER, Rx), Niacor (IR, Rx); huge OTC presence (1) ·
The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) ·
Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (5) ·
Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) ·
Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (2) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (5) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B6-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001035-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001036-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001037-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012D0-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (11) ·
0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) ·
A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) ·
General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) ·
Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) ·
Niaspan ER 500 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 1-2 g/d; flushing-protective aspirin 30-60 minutes before dose; pellagra replacement 100-500 mg/d (1) ·
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) ·
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1) ·
Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1) ·
Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula) (1)
preparations:
0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection (1) ·
100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2) (1) ·
100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) ·
100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) ·
25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) ·
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) ·
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) ·
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) ·
OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence) (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max:
None (14) ·
1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) ·
2 g/d (Niaspan); higher off-label use historical (1) ·
No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) ·
No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) ·
UL 1000 mg (~1500 IU natural)/d in adults; routinely exceeded in older AREDS-1 trials (1) ·
UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
None (12) ·
15–30 min (1) ·
Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) ·
Days to weeks for tissue saturation (1) ·
Hematologic response within days (1) ·
Lipid changes 4-8 weeks (1) ·
Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) ·
Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) ·
~15–30 min (1)
duration:
halflife:
None (12) ·
~0.5 hours plasma; tissue retention longer (1) ·
~1 hour (IR niacin); ER formulations extend functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00001038-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) ·
~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) ·
~3-4 days plasma; adipose tissue stores last months (1) ·
~5 h (caffeine) (2) ·
~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1)
bioavailability:
None (13) ·
High (oral) (1) ·
High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"' (1) ·
High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption (1) ·
Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) ·
~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) ·
~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1) ·
~99% (caffeine) (1)
pregnancy:
None (13) ·
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) ·
Pharmacologic doses generally avoided in pregnancy; vitamin doses fine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Routinely supplemented in pregnancy and preconception to prevent neural tube defects.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Safe at replacement doses; high-dose use generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
None (11) ·
Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) ·
OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (1 mg, injectable) in US (1) ·
OTC (low-dose, dietary supplement) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Niaspan ER) in US (1) ·
OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) ·
OTC in US (3) ·
Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) ·
Unrestricted (food) (1)
Showing below up to 20 results in range #1 to #20.