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Medicines (732)

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: Plant Medicine

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Other values:

None (130) · ''Areca catechu'' (the nut); ''Piper betle'' (the leaf) (1) · ''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) · ''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · ''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) · ''Erythroxylum coca'', ''E. novogranatense'' (1) · ''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) · ''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) · ''Mimosa tenuiflora''. Jurema preta, tepescohuite (1) · ''Paullinia cupana'' (1) · ''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) · ''Theobroma cacao'' (1) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Aygestin (5 mg, Rx); Camila, Errin, Heather, Jolivette, Nor-QD, Ortho Micronor, Sharobel (0.35 mg POPs); component of many COCs (1) · Deadly nightshade (1) · Estrace, Vivelle-Dot, Climara, Divigel, Evamist, Estring, Estraderm, Premarin (CEE, not strictly estradiol) (1) · Henbane, black henbane (1) · Mandrake (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Prometrium (oral), Endometrin (vaginal), Crinone (vaginal gel), Prochieve (1) · Provera (oral), Depo-Provera (IM contraceptive), Depo-SubQ Provera 104 (SC) (1) · Reed canary grass (1) · The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) · Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1)

5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · None (3) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2)

Other values:

None (146) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Contraception: Depo-Provera 150 mg IM every 13 weeks; Depo-SubQ 104 mg SC every 12-13 weeks; oral cycling: 5-10 mg PO daily ×5-10 days for amenorrhea (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1) · Oral 1-2 mg daily; transdermal patch 0.025-0.05 mg/d twice weekly; transdermal gel 0.5-1 g/d; vaginal 10 mcg tablet twice weekly for GSM. Always combine with a progestogen in patients with an intact uterus. (1) · POP: 0.35 mg PO daily continuously (no placebo week); high-dose 5 mg Aygestin for amenorrhea/endometriosis 5-10 mg/d (1)

None (131) · 0.35 mg POP tablets; 5 mg tablets (Aygestin); component of COCs and combination HRT (1) · 2.5, 5, 10 mg oral tablets; Depo-Provera 150 mg/mL IM; Depo-SubQ Provera 104 mg/0.65 mL (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Oral 0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; transdermal patches (twice-weekly and once-weekly); 0.06% gel; 1.53 mg/spray topical; vaginal ring (Estring); vaginal tablet (Vagifem/Yuvafem); vaginal cream (1) · Oral 100, 200 mg capsules (peanut oil; check allergy); 100 mg vaginal insert (Endometrin); 4%, 8% vaginal gel (Crinone); IM 50 mg/mL (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (150) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · Indication-specific (2) · Indication-specific; lowest effective dose for shortest duration is the WHI-era standard (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (147) · 15–30 min (2) · Contraception within 48 hours of starting (POP); endometrial effects days (1) · Contraceptive within 24 hours if given in first 5 days of cycle; otherwise backup for 7 days (1) · Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days (1) · Vasomotor relief 2-4 weeks; bone density gains over months (1) · ~15–30 min (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (147) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Depot IM 13 weeks (designed); often persists longer (1) · Oral: 8-12 hours; vaginal: 24+ hours; IM: days (1) · Route- and formulation-dependent (1) · ~24 hours per dose (strict timing required for POP — within 3-hour window each day) (1)

None (148) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~13-20 hours (oral); transdermal pharmacokinetics buffer the peaks/troughs of oral dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BA-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1) · ~50 days (Depo-Provera; long depot release)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F20-QINU`"' (1) · ~8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000013F5-QINU`"' (1)

None (149) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral ~5% (extensive first-pass to estrone and conjugates); transdermal bypasses first-pass, giving more physiologic estradiol:estrone ratio'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BB-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~90%; depot IM essentially 100% over the dosing interval'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F21-QINU`"' (1) · Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013F6-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (150) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Contraindicated in known pregnancy (Aygestin); the 0.35 mg POP is not teratogenic and does not need to be discontinued before conception planning.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Contraindicated in known pregnancy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Contraindicated in pregnancy (use is not appropriate during gestation; class label X). Lactation considerations vary by indication.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1)

None (146) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (note: norgestrel 0.075 mg POP is now OTC as Opill since 2023, but norethindrone POP remains Rx) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for bone mineral density loss with prolonged use (≥2 years; partially reversible after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F22-QINU`"' (1)