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Medicines (732)

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: Plant Medicine

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or [[:Category:Statins|Statin]]

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Other values:

None (130) · ''Areca catechu'' (the nut); ''Piper betle'' (the leaf) (1) · ''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) · ''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · ''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) · ''Erythroxylum coca'', ''E. novogranatense'' (1) · ''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) · ''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) · ''Mimosa tenuiflora''. Jurema preta, tepescohuite (1) · ''Paullinia cupana'' (1) · ''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) · ''Theobroma cacao'' (1) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Altoprev (ER), Mevacor (discontinued US); mostly generic (1) · Crestor, Ezallor (1) · Deadly nightshade (1) · Henbane, black henbane (1) · Lipitor (1) · Mandrake (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Pravachol (1) · Reed canary grass (1) · The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) · Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1) · Zocor (1)

5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · None (3) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2)

Other values:

None (146) · 10-20 mg PO once daily (1) · 10-20 mg PO once daily (5 mg in Asian ancestry, elderly, hypothyroidism, or strong CYP/SLCO1B1 interactions) (1) · 10-20 mg PO once daily in the evening (40 mg starting allowed for high CV risk) (1) · 20 mg PO once daily with the evening meal; titrate to 40-80 mg/d (1) · 40 mg PO once daily (10-20 mg in elderly, hepatic impairment, or strong drug interactions) (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)

None (131) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets (2) · 10, 20, 40 mg tablets; 20, 40, 60 mg ER tablets (1) · 5, 10, 20, 40 mg tablets (1) · 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 4 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (150) · 40 mg/d (rarely needed; 40 mg restricted to patients not at goal on 20 mg) (1) · 40 mg/d standard; 80 mg/d restricted to patients tolerating 80 mg for ≥12 months without myopathy (post-SEARCH 2011 FDA restriction) (1) · 80 mg/d (2) · 80 mg/d (40 mg/d if combined with diltiazem, verapamil, danazol; lower limits with various interactions) (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (131) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · inhalation (2) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (20) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · sublingual (1) · topical (1)

None (147) · 15–30 min (2) · LDL lowering at 1 week, max by 4 weeks (1) · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks (3) · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks; cardiovascular benefit months to years (1) · ~15–30 min (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (147) · 24 hours (3) · 24 hours (evening dosing aligns with overnight HMG-CoA reductase peak) (1) · 24-48 hours per dose (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)

None (148) · 14 hours (parent); 20-30 hours including active ortho- and para-hydroxylated metabolites'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~19 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000000FC-QINU`"' (1) · ~2 hours (parent and active β-hydroxy acid metabolite); pharmacodynamic effect lasts 24 hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017A-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-3 hours (parent); pharmacodynamic effect 24 hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D5-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-4 hours (parent and active β-hydroxy acid metabolite); pharmacodynamic effect 24 hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-00000807-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2)

None (149) · <5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; food enhances absorption of IR, hence the evening-meal dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000808-QINU`"' (1) · <5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; statin pharmacology is hepatocellular, not systemic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017B-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~14% (extensive hepatic first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~17% (oral; food slightly reduces absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D6-QINU`"' (1) · ~20% (oral; hydrophilic, minimal CYP metabolism, mostly excreted unchanged in bile)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000FD-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (149) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021. Use individualized.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021. Use individualized; lactation generally avoided.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (3)

None (146) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (5)