Drilldown: Medicines
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
brand:
None (26) ·
''Areca catechu'' (the nut); ''Piper betle'' (the leaf) (1) ·
''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) ·
''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) ·
''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) ·
''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) ·
''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) ·
''Erythroxylum coca'', ''E. novogranatense'' (1) ·
''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) ·
''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) ·
''Mimosa tenuiflora''. Jurema preta, tepescohuite (1) ·
''Paullinia cupana'' (1) ·
''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) ·
''Theobroma cacao'' (1) ·
Abilify (oral), Abilify Maintena (monthly IM LAI), Aristada (aripiprazole lauroxil IM LAI), Abilify Asimtufii (bi-monthly IM LAI), Abilify MyCite (digital ingestion sensor) (1) ·
Clozaril (Novartis, original brand; 25 mg and 100 mg tablets); FazaClo (orally disintegrating tablets, 12.5/25/100/150/200 mg); Versacloz (oral suspension 50 mg/mL); multiple generics. All clozapine products are subject to the same REMS monitoring requirements. (1) ·
Deadly nightshade (1) ·
Henbane, black henbane (1) ·
Mandrake (1) ·
Reed canary grass (1) ·
Risperdal (oral), Risperdal M-Tab (ODT), Risperdal Consta (biweekly IM LAI), Perseris (monthly SC LAI), Uzedy (monthly/bimonthly SC LAI), Rykindo (biweekly IM LAI) (1) ·
Seroquel (1) ·
The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) ·
Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1) ·
Zyprexa (oral, IM acute), Zyprexa Zydis (ODT), Zyprexa Relprevv (LAI), Lybalvi (with samidorphan) (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (3) ·
5-HT2A agonist (15) ·
5-HT2A agonist; 5-HT3 antagonist (1) ·
5-HT2A agonist; minor psilocybin mushroom alkaloid (1) ·
5-HT2A agonist; primarily auditory effects (1) ·
5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist (1) ·
Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) ·
Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) ·
Contains varying amounts of DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine, and gramine depending on strain and growing conditions. (1) ·
Dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008D-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008E-QINU`"' (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor (1) ·
Potent 5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is arecoline, a muscarinic agonist (M1, M2, M3, M4) and partial agonist at nicotinic receptors. Produces alertness, salivation, sweating, mild euphoria. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is cocaine, a tropane that blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine (and serotonin). At low oral doses from leaf chewing, the slow release favors NE-mediated alertness over DA-mediated euphoria. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Prodrug of 4-HO-DET; 5-HT2A agonist (1) ·
Prodrug of 4-HO-DiPT; 5-HT2A agonist (1) ·
Prodrug of 4-HO-MET; 5-HT2A agonist (1) ·
Prodrug of 4-HO-MiPT; 5-HT2A agonist (1) ·
Prodrug of psilocin; 5-HT2A agonist (1) ·
Root bark contains ~1% N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related tryptamines. Oral activity requires MAOI co-administration. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000049-QINU`"' (1)
uses:
None (27) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (8) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000000C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000008F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000090-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000091-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000092-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (41) ·
12.5 mg PO once or twice daily. Titrate gradually: 25-50 mg/day increments every 1-2 days as tolerated. Target dose 300-450 mg/day in divided doses (BID or TID). Most patients stabilize between 200-600 mg/day. Therapeutic plasma level guide: target trough clozapine ≥350 ng/mL. (1) ·
25 mg (schizophrenia, immediate-release); 50 mg (bipolar mania, immediate-release); 50 mg (Seroquel XR, schizophrenia or bipolar) (1) ·
A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) ·
A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) ·
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) ·
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1) ·
Schizophrenia / acute mania: 5-10 mg PO once daily, target 10-15 mg/day. Acute agitation IM: 10 mg, may repeat in 2 hours. Relprevv LAI: 150-300 mg every 4 weeks after oral overlap (1) ·
Schizophrenia / mania: 1 mg PO BID, titrate to 4-8 mg/day. Pediatric autism irritability: 0.25-0.5 mg/day, weight-titrated. Consta LAI: 25 mg IM every 2 weeks after oral overlap (1) ·
Schizophrenia/bipolar mania: 10-15 mg PO once daily, target 15-30 mg. MDD adjunct: 2-5 mg/day, target 5-15 mg. Pediatric autism irritability: 2 mg, titrate to 5-15 mg. Maintena LAI: 400 mg IM every 4 weeks after oral overlap (1)
preparations:
None (26) ·
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg immediate-release tablets; 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg extended-release tablets (Seroquel XR) (1) ·
A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) ·
Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) ·
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) ·
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) ·
Clozaril 25 mg and 100 mg tablets; FazaClo orally disintegrating tablets (12.5/25/100/150/200 mg); Versacloz oral suspension 50 mg/mL. All brands subject to identical REMS ANC monitoring requirements. Generic tablets widely available. (1) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) ·
Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) ·
Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) ·
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) ·
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) ·
Tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; M-Tab ODT 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL; Consta LAI 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg; Perseris SC LAI 90, 120 mg monthly (1) ·
Tablets 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg; ODT 10, 15 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL; acute IM injection 9.75 mg/1.3 mL; Maintena LAI 300, 400 mg monthly; Aristada LAI 441, 662, 882, 1064 mg (4-8 week dosing); Asimtufii bi-monthly (1) ·
Tablets 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 mg; ODT (Zydis) 5, 10, 15, 20 mg; acute IM injection 10 mg/vial; Relprevv LAI 210, 300, 405 mg vials (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max:
None (45) ·
16 mg/day (schizophrenia, adult); 6 mg/day (bipolar maintenance, autism irritability) (1) ·
20 mg/day (oral) (1) ·
30 mg/day (adult schizophrenia); 15 mg/day (MDD adjunct) (1) ·
800 mg/day (1) ·
900 mg/day (split into BID or TID dosing). Clinical practice rarely exceeds 600 mg/day; seizure risk increases substantially above 600 mg/day and requires consideration of prophylactic anticonvulsant.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004A-QINU`"' (1)
routes:
None (26) ·
buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) ·
inhalation (2) ·
intramuscular (acute and long-acting) (2) ·
intramuscular (LAI) (1) ·
Oral (18) ·
Oral (buccal absorption) (1) ·
Oral (buccal) (1) ·
Oral (leaf (1) ·
Oral (with MAOI) (2) ·
Oral only. No parenteral formulation (a major limitation in acute agitation requiring rapid tranquilization). (1) ·
smoked (extracted DMT) (1) ·
subcutaneous (LAI) (1) ·
topical (1)
onset:
None (42) ·
15–30 min (2) ·
30-60 min (sedation); days to weeks (neuroleptic effect) (1) ·
Neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks (1) ·
Neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks; activation symptoms (akathisia, insomnia) often within days (1) ·
Oral peak plasma 2.5 hours. Clinical antipsychotic response typically emerges over weeks with continued titration; full response assessment requires 3-6 months at adequate therapeutic levels. (1) ·
Sedation from first dose; neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks (1) ·
~15–30 min (1)
duration:
None (42) ·
24 hours (oral); 2-4 weeks (LAI formulations) (1) ·
24 hours (oral); 2-4 weeks (LAI) (1) ·
24 hours (oral); 4-8 weeks (LAI) (1) ·
2–4 h (1) ·
3–4 h (1) ·
3–5 h (subjective) (1) ·
6-8 h (immediate-release); 24 h (extended-release) (1) ·
Due to the half-life of 12 hours (wide range), dosing is BID or TID. Once-daily dosing produces higher peak/trough fluctuations and is generally not used except for a single end-of-day dose in stable patients. (1)
halflife:
None (44) ·
21-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) ·
Risperidone 3-20 hours; '''9-hydroxy-risperidone (paliperidone) ~20-24 hours''' is the major active metabolite and is separately marketed as a parent compound (Invega)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) ·
~5 h (caffeine) (2) ·
~6 h (parent compound, immediate-release); ~9-12 h (active metabolite N-desalkylquetiapine, also called norquetiapine) (1) ·
~75 hours (long, accumulates over weeks)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (44) ·
Approximately 50-60% (oral; subject to first-pass metabolism); food does not significantly affect absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004C-QINU`"' (1) ·
Tablet ~100% relative to oral solution; extensive first-pass metabolism (1) ·
~60% (oral); ~100% (IM)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) ·
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) ·
~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) ·
~99% (caffeine) (1)
pregnancy:
None (45) ·
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) ·
Limited human data; signal for neonatal extrapyramidal symptoms and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Quetiapine has reassuring active-comparator cohort data without consistent teratogenic signal; among the preferred neuroleptics when treatment is clinically necessary in pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full citation set. (1) ·
Signal for gestational diabetes and metabolic syndrome with maternal exposure; the metabolic load can be substantial during pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Signal for neonatal extrapyramidal symptoms and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
None (43) ·
Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) ·
Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) ·
Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) ·
Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) ·
Unrestricted (food) (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Prescription only]]; not a controlled substance (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the atypical-neuroleptic '''Boxed Warning''' for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1)
Showing below up to 50 results in range #1 to #50.