Drilldown: Medicines

Bromazolam (1) · Dexmethylphenidate (1) · Methylphenidate (1) · Mixed amphetamine salts (1)

(none, never marketed) (1) · Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis (1) · Focalin, Focalin XR (1) · Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antiparkinsonian · Antipsychotic · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl⁻ channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · TAAR1 agonism, VMAT2 substrate, DAT/NET reverse transport, net release of dopamine and norepinephrine (1)

ADHD, narcolepsy (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000150-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000151-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000562-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000563-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000564-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000565-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000566-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · 2.5 mg IR, 5 mg XR, or 12.5mg Mydayis (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (2) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · IR tabs 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 30 mg; XR caps 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg; Mydayis caps 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg (1)

None (2) · N/A (never approved) (1) · XR = 40 or 60 mg/d; IR = 40 or 60 mg/d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000567-QINU`"' (1)

None · Oral · IV · topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · subcutaneous · Topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · sublingual · thigh · Inhaled · SC · intra-articular

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20–60 min (oral) (1) · 30–60 min (1) · IR: 30–60 min; XR: 1–2 h to peak effect (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · IR 3–5 h; LA/SR 6–8 h; Concerta 10–12 h; Daytrana ~9 h wear time (1) · IR 4–6 h; XR 10–12 h; Mydayis 14–16 h (1) · IR 4–6 h; XR 8–12 h (1)

2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) · 2–3 h (parent compound) (1) · D-amphetamine ~10 h; L-amphetamine ~13 h (adults) (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)

Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~22–25% (1) · ~30% (high first-pass) (1) · ~75–90% (oral) (1)

Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Category C (2) · Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion. (1)

None (1) · Schedule II (3)