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Medicines > classes : Research material or [[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID

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generic:
brand:
None (130) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Advil, Motrin, IBU, Caldolor (IV), NeoProfen (neonatal IV) (1) · Celebrex (oral capsules), Elyxyb (oral solution, for acute migraine) (1) · Indocin (oral, IV, suppository), Tivorbex (low-dose), Indo-Lemmon (1) · Mobic, Vivlodex (lower-dose capsules), Anjeso (IV) (1) · O-DSMT (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · None (3) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2)
uses:
None (131) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (131) · 200-400 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed. OTC max 1200 mg/day without provider direction; prescription max 3200 mg/day divided (1) · 7.5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 15 mg daily if needed. Vivlodex 5 mg PO once daily, max 10 mg (1) · Acute gout: 50 mg PO TID until symptom relief, then taper; maximum 200 mg/day for 3-5 days. Rheumatoid arthritis / osteoarthritis: 25-50 mg PO BID-TID. Patent ductus arteriosus: 0.2 mg/kg IV, then 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 12-24 hours for 2 doses (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Osteoarthritis: 200 mg PO once daily or 100 mg BID. Rheumatoid arthritis: 100-200 mg PO BID. Acute pain: 400 mg loading, then 200 mg every 12 hours (1)
preparations:
None (131) · Capsules 25, 50 mg; ER capsules 75 mg; oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 50 mg; injection 1 mg/vial (PDA closure) (1) · Capsules 50, 100, 200, 400 mg; Elyxyb oral solution 25 mg/mL (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Tablets 200, 400, 600, 800 mg; capsules 200 mg; oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL; chewable tablets 100 mg; injection 100 mg/mL (Caldolor) (1) · Tablets 7.5, 15 mg (Mobic); capsules 5, 10 mg (Vivlodex); oral suspension 7.5 mg/5 mL; injection 30 mg/mL (Anjeso) (1)
fda max:
None (131) · 15 mg/day (oral); 30 mg IV once daily (Anjeso) (1) · 200 mg/day (typical adult oral) (1) · 3200 mg/day (Rx); 1200 mg/day (OTC, without provider direction) (1) · 400 mg/day for chronic indications; higher for short-term acute pain (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (131) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · intravenous (1) · intravenous (Caldolor (1) · intravenous (PDA closure only) (1) · NeoProfen) (1) · Oral (5) · rectal (1) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (131) · 30-60 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); rapid relief in acute gout (1) · Analgesic effect within hours; full anti-inflammatory effect over 1-2 weeks (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (131) · 12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing supported by long half-life) (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)
halflife:
None (131) · 15-20 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 2-4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 4-5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~11 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (131) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~80-100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~89% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (131) · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning; contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure, which is paradoxically the basis of the neonatal PDA-closure indication)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1)
legal:
None (132) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] in the US at ≤200 mg per tablet / ≤1200 mg/day; [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] at higher strengths and indications (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3)

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