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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Research material or [[:Category:Surfactants|Surfactant]] & routes: Oral

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generic:
Bromazolam (1) · Docusate (sodium or calcium) (1)
brand:
(none, never marketed) (1) · Colace (sodium), Surfak (calcium); many generics OTC (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1)
uses:
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001341-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001342-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
N/A (never approved) (1) · ~500 mg/d typical (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
1-3 days (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Hours (1)
halflife:
Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not meaningfully described (1)
bioavailability:
Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)
pregnancy:
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (1) · OTC in US (1)

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