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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Sedative-Hypnotic or [[:Category:Androgen_modulators|Androgen modulator]] & routes: Oral

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generic:
Bromazolam (1) · Dutasteride (1) · Finasteride (1)
brand:
(none, never marketed) (1) · Avodart; combined with tamsulosin as Jalyn (1) · Proscar (5 mg, BPH), Propecia (1 mg, alopecia) (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (2) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1)
uses:
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000052E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000052F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000530-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D57-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D58-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
0.5 mg PO once daily (1) · 5 mg PO daily for BPH; 1 mg PO daily for androgenetic alopecia (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
0.5 mg capsules (1) · 1 mg, 5 mg tablets (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
0.5 mg/d (1) · 5 mg/d (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
BPH symptom improvement at 3-6 months; prostate volume reduction over 6-12 months; hair regrowth at 6-12 months (1) · Prostate volume reduction over 6-12 months (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
24 hours (1) · 24 hours; tissue effects persist weeks (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)
halflife:
Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~5 weeks (much longer than finasteride's ~6 hours)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D59-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-6 hours in young men, ~8 hours in elderly'"`UNIQ--ref-00000531-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D5A-QINU`"' (1) · ~63% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000532-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
'''Pregnant individuals should not handle crushed/broken tablets''' (skin absorption risk); can cause hypospadias in male fetus. Not used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · '''Pregnant individuals should not handle dutasteride capsules''' (skin absorption risk through intact capsule); can cause hypospadias in male fetus.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1)
legal:
None (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2)

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