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Medicines > classes : Sedative-Hypnotic or Stimulant or [[:Category:Eugeroics|Eugeroic]]

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generic:
brand:
None (51) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Benzedrex (1) · Dalmane (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · ProSom (1) · Provigil (Teva/Cephalon); Alertec (Canada); Modavigil (Australia) (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · Monoamine releasing agent (8) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · None (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (2)
uses:
None (73) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1)
starting dose:
None (73) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (72) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg (scored). [[Armodafinil]] (Nuvigil), the R-enantiomer of modafinil, is available separately as 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg tablets. (1)
fda max:
None (72) · 400 mg/day.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (72) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (2) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (72) · Peak plasma concentration in 2-4 hours after oral administration. Clinically perceptible wakefulness-promoting effects typically begin within 1-2 hours of dosing.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (72) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Effective duration approximately 12-15 hours at the 200 mg dose, consistent with the elimination half-life. A single morning dose generally sustains wakefulness throughout the day without substantially disrupting nighttime sleep onset when taken early.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006D-QINU`"' (1)
halflife:
None (73) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)
bioavailability:
None (72) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral bioavailability is not precisely established in the label but absorption is rapid and essentially complete. Food delays peak plasma concentration by approximately one hour but does not reduce the extent of absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006F-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (73) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1)
legal:
None (74)

Showing below up to 74 results in range #1 to #74.

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