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: Sedative-Hypnotic

or Tryptamine

or [[:Category:Antisecretory_agents|Gastric acid suppressant]]

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None (35) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Nexium, Nexium 24HR (OTC) (1) · Pepcid, Pepcid AC, Pepcid Complete (1) · Placidyl (1) · Prilosec, Losec, Zegerid (1) · ProSom (1) · Protonix (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)

None (2) · 5-HT2A agonist (15) · 5-HT2A agonist; 5-HT3 antagonist (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; minor psilocybin mushroom alkaloid (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; primarily auditory effects (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl− channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-DET; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-DiPT; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-MET; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-MiPT; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of psilocin; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D8-QINU`"' Recovery of acid output requires synthesis of new pump enzyme. CYP2C19 substrate; PGx genotype substantially affects exposure and efficacy'"`UNIQ--ref-000000D9-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000117-QINU`"' Compared with omeprazole, pantoprazole has a more linear pharmacokinetic profile and is metabolized predominantly via CYP2C19 with CYP3A4 contribution; less CYP2C19-driven drug interaction with clopidogrel than omeprazole'"`UNIQ--ref-00000118-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000255-QINU`"' Less potent and shorter-acting than PPIs but with faster on-effect; suitable for on-demand acid suppression. Largely renally cleared; dose-adjust in renal impairment to avoid CNS effects (confusion in elderly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E1-QINU`"' Like omeprazole, it is an acid-activated prodrug that covalently and irreversibly binds the H+/K+ ATPase. CYP2C19 PGx remains clinically relevant for both'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E2-QINU`"'. (1)

None (55) · 20 mg PO once daily 30-60 minutes before breakfast (1) · 20 mg PO twice daily, or 40 mg at bedtime (1) · 20-40 mg PO once daily, 30-60 minutes before breakfast (1) · 40 mg PO or IV once daily (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (55) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets; chewables; 40 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 10 mg/mL IV (1) · 10, 20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules and tablets; 2 mg/mL oral suspension; immediate-release combo with sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid) (1) · 20 mg, 40 mg delayed-release tablets; 40 mg IV vial; oral suspension 40 mg/packet (1) · 20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules; 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg oral suspension packets; 20, 40 mg IV (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)

None (55) · 160 mg/d (Zollinger-Ellison); 80 mg/d for routine indications (1) · 40 mg/d typical; up to 240 mg/d for Zollinger-Ellison (2) · 40 mg/d typical; up to 360 mg/d for Zollinger-Ellison (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (55) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (4) · Oral (5) · sublingual (1)

None (55) · 1 hour PO; minutes IV (1) · 2-3 hours per dose; full acid suppression after 3-5 days (1) · Acid suppression within hours; full effect after 3-5 days of dosing (1) · Symptom relief 1-4 days; full acid suppression after 3-5 days of dosing (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (55) · 24+ hours (irreversible enzyme binding) (1) · 24-72 hours per dose (irreversible enzyme binding) (1) · 24-72 hours per dose (irreversible enzyme binding; effect outlasts plasma exposure) (1) · 6-12 hours (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)

None (55) · 0.5-1.5 hours (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect persists 24+ hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DE-QINU`"' (1) · 2.5-3.5 hours; longer in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-0000025B-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~1 hour (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect persists 24+ hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000011D-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.5 hours (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect 24+ hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E8-QINU`"' (1)

None (55) · 30-40% (oral; increases with repeated dosing as gastric pH rises)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DF-QINU`"' (1) · 40-45% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000025C-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~64-90% (oral; increases at higher doses and with multi-day dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E9-QINU`"' (1) · ~77% (oral; not affected by food or antacids)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000011E-QINU`"' (1)

None (55) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used in obstetric reflux.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used. Cleared in lactation at low levels.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Widely used in obstetric reflux; reassuring data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Widely used in pregnancy; meta-analyses do not show increased malformation risk.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (56) · OTC (10-20 mg) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher doses) in US (1) · OTC (20 mg) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher doses) in US (1) · OTC (20 mg, 14-day course) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher and longer durations) in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)