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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Sedative-hypnotic

or [[:Category:Disaccharides|Non-absorbable disaccharide]]

& routes: Oral

Use the filters below to narrow your results.

Bromazolam (1) · Lactulose (1)

(none, never marketed) (1) · Kristalose, Constulose, Generlac, Enulose (1)

None (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1)

No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"' (1)

Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)

Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Hours (1)

Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1)

<3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)

Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)

None (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

Showing below up to 2 results in range #1 to #2.

B

Bromazolam

L

Lactulose

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