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Medicines > classes: [[:Category:Antimuscarinics|Antimuscarinic]] & routes : intranasal or transdermal

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generic:
Ipratropium bromide (1) · Oxybutynin (1)
brand:
Atrovent (inhaler, intranasal); also generic (1) · Ditropan, Ditropan XL, Oxytrol (transdermal), Gelnique (gel) (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (2)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-000006DE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006DF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006E0-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F78-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F79-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F7A-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
IR 5 mg PO BID-TID; ER 5-10 mg PO daily, titrate; transdermal patch 3.9 mg/d twice weekly (OTC) (1) · Nebulized 500 mcg q6-8h (or with albuterol as DuoNeb); MDI 17 mcg/puff, 2 puffs QID; nasal 0.03% or 0.06% spray BID-TID (1)
preparations:
5 mg IR tablets; 5, 10, 15 mg ER tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 3.9 mg/24 h transdermal patch (Oxytrol); 10% topical gel (1) · Atrovent HFA 17 mcg/actuation MDI; 500 mcg/2.5 mL nebulizer solution; 0.03% and 0.06% intranasal sprays; with albuterol as DuoNeb / Combivent Respimat (1)
fda max:
12 puffs MDI/d typical; nebulized 2000 mcg/d (1) · 30 mg/d (XL) typical (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
30-60 minutes (PO) (1) · Bronchodilation 15-30 minutes (1)
duration:
4-6 hours (1) · IR: 6-10 hours; ER: 24 hours (1)
halflife:
2-3 hours (parent and active N-desethyl metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E1-QINU`"' (1) · ~2 hours (plasma; minimal relevance — local-action drug)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7B-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
Inhaled lung deposition with minimal systemic absorption (the basis of the favorable safety profile vs systemic antimuscarinics)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7C-QINU`"' (1) · ~6% IR oral (substantial first-pass to active N-desethyl metabolite, which contributes most of the antimuscarinic adverse effects); transdermal bypasses first-pass and is better tolerated'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E2-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
OTC (transdermal patch in women) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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