Drilldown: Medicines

Diphenhydramine (hydrochloride; citrate) (1) · Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (1) · Zolpidem (tartrate) (1)

Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Benadryl (oral, injectable, topical), Banophen, Sominex (sleep aid), ZzzQuil, Aler-Dryl (1) · Multiple OTC dietary supplement formulations (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antipsychotic · Antiparkinsonian · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

Other values:

Search

None (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' Major Beers-list concern in elderly patients for cognitive and fall risks. CYP2D6 substrate. At massive overdose, also produces sodium channel blockade with cardiac toxicity'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. '"`UNIQ--effect-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1)

'''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · 0.5-3 mg PO 30-60 minutes before bedtime. Some patients respond to micro-doses (0.3 mg) without additional benefit at higher doses. For circadian phase shifting, timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset matters more than absolute dose (1) · Allergy: 25-50 mg PO every 4-6 hours. Insomnia: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime. IV (acute dystonia, severe allergic reaction): 25-50 mg slow IV push (1)

IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) · OTC tablets, sublingual tablets, gummies, liquid, extended-release tablets and capsules; common strengths 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 mg (1) · Tablets 25, 50 mg; capsules; liquid; chewable; topical cream/gel; injection 50 mg/mL (1)

10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 300 mg/day (oral) (1) · Not formally established (dietary supplement); doses above ~3-5 mg show no additional efficacy but increase next-day sedation risk (1)

None · Oral · IV · Topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · Subcutaneous · Topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · sublingual · thigh · Inhaled · intra-articular · nebulized

Other values:

Search

15-30 minutes (1) · 15-30 minutes (oral); 1-2 minutes (IV) (1) · 30-60 minutes (immediate-release oral) (1)

3-4 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1)

30-50 minutes (short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · 4-8 hours (longer in elderly, 9-13 hours)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)

~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · ~40-60% (oral, with significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; endogenous hormone, but supplemental pharmacological doses are not well characterized in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Older agent with substantial use experience; broadly considered safe in pregnancy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)

[[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] dietary supplement in the US ('''not FDA-regulated as a medicine'''; multiple studies show OTC products contain 50-470% of labeled melatonin content); [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in the EU and UK (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] for most oral and topical formulations; [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for injectable (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)