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Medicines > classes: [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] & fda max: No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity

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generic:
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1)
brand:
Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1)
preparations:
100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1)
fda max: (Click arrow to add another value)
routes:
IM (1) · intranasal (1) · IV (1) · Oral (1) · SC (1) · sublingual (1)
onset:
Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1)
duration:
N/A (replacement) (1)
halflife:
~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1)
bioavailability:
Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1)
pregnancy:
Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1)

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