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Medicines > duration : 12-24 hours or 6-8 hours or Hours per application

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classes:
narrow-spectrum)]] (1) · selective COX-2)]] (1) · [[:Category:ACE_inhibitors|ACE inhibitor]] (1) · [[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]] (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (3) · [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (imidazole)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal]] (2) · [[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihistamines|First-generation antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:Azo_dyes|Azo dye]] (1) · [[:Category:Benzodiazepines|Benzodiazepine]] (1) · [[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (3) · [[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (first-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (third-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (1) · [[:Category:Depigmenting_agents|Depigmenting agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid]] (1) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist (second-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Hydroxypyridones|Hydroxypyridone]] (1) · [[:Category:Inhaled_corticosteroids|Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)]] (1) · [[:Category:Lincosamides|Lincosamide antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Loop_diuretics|Loop diuretic]] (1) · [[:Category:Macrolide_antibiotics|Macrolide antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID (1) · [[:Category:Orexigenics|Appetite-promoting medicine (orexigenic)]] (1) · [[:Category:Penicillins|Penicillin (natural (1) · [[:Category:Polyene_antifungals|Polyene antifungal]] (1) · [[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic (off-label)]] (1) · [[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]] (1) · [[:Category:Serotonin antagonists|Serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Skin_lightening_agents|Skin-lightening agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Topical_antibiotics|Topical antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Topical_antifungals|Topical antifungal]] (2) · [[:Category:Urinary_analgesics|Urinary tract analgesic]] (1)
mechanism:
None (12) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' Anticholinergic and sedating, with the standard first-generation antihistamine Beers-list concerns in elderly patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000009FD-QINU`"' Active against gram-positive cocci including MRSA; the unique target underlies the absence of cross-resistance with other antibiotic classes. High-level resistance (plasmid-mediated mupA) is rising and limits prolonged or repeated use'"`UNIQ--ref-000009FE-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B40-QINU`"' The TRANSFORM-HF trial (2023) found no all-cause mortality difference between torsemide and furosemide in heart failure, although torsemide remains pharmacologically preferred where furosemide oral absorption is unreliable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B41-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CC9-QINU`"' Mostly excreted unchanged in feces and urine; P-glycoprotein substrate (the basis of the fruit-juice interaction). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D11-QINU`"' Same mechanistic family as amphotericin B but with prohibitive systemic toxicity at therapeutic doses, hence restriction to topical and luminal-gut indications. No clinically meaningful resistance after decades of use'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D12-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001233-QINU`"' Onychomycosis cure rates with nail lacquer are modest (mycologic cure ~30-50%, complete cure ~5-12% at 48 weeks); oral terbinafine remains substantially more effective when systemic therapy is acceptable'"`UNIQ--ref-00001234-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000004ED-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000099F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A4-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000009DF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E3-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000009FF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A00-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A01-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B44-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B45-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B81-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B82-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B83-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCB-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D13-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D14-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D15-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D16-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D38-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D39-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E71-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E72-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E73-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E74-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E75-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F40-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F41-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F44-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FB3-QINU`"', '''adjunctive only''' (does not treat the underlying infection) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001215-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001216-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001217-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001235-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001236-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001237-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001238-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001440-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001441-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
10-20 mg PO/IV once daily; titrate by clinical response. 1:1 IV to PO conversion (unlike furosemide's 1:2) (1) · 100-200 mg PO TID after meals × no more than 2 days when used with concurrent antibiotic (1) · 250-500 mg PO every 6-8 hours (1) · 250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) · 300 mg PO BID, or 600 mg PO once daily, ×5-10 days; pediatric 14 mg/kg/d (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · 500 mg PO every 6 hours, or 250 mg every 6 hours for mild infections (1) · 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) · Allergy: 4 mg PO TID. Serotonin syndrome: 12 mg loading dose PO or by nasogastric tube, then 2 mg every 2 hours until clinical improvement. Appetite stimulation: 2-4 mg PO TID-QID (1) · Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) · Apply thin layer to hyperpigmented areas BID; limit to 4-6 month courses to avoid ochronosis (1) · ICS Pulmicort Flexhaler 180-360 mcg BID; intranasal Rhinocort 64 mcg/spray, 1-2 sprays/nostril daily; Entocort EC 9 mg PO daily for active Crohn's; Symbicort 80/4.5 or 160/4.5 mcg, 2 puffs BID (1) · Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days (1) · Oral: 4-6 mL (400,000-600,000 units) suspension QID swish-and-swallow; topical: BID-QID; vaginal tablet 1 daily for 2 weeks (1) · Osteoarthritis: 200 mg PO once daily or 100 mg BID. Rheumatoid arthritis: 100-200 mg PO BID. Acute pain: 400 mg loading, then 200 mg every 12 hours (1) · Topical cream/lotion BID; shampoo twice weekly; nail lacquer (Penlac) once daily for up to 48 weeks (1) · Topical: 1% cream BID × 2-4 weeks; vaginal: 1% or 2% cream nightly × 7 days, or 100/200/500 mg vaginal tablet single or 3-day regimens; troche: 10 mg PO five times daily × 2 weeks for thrush (1) · Topical: apply small amount to affected area TID × 5-10 days; nasal: apply half the contents of a single-use tube into each nostril BID × 5 days (1)
preparations:
0.77% topical cream, lotion, suspension; 1% shampoo; 8% nail lacquer (Penlac) (1) · 1% topical cream, lotion, solution; 1%, 2% vaginal cream; 100, 200, 500 mg vaginal tablets; 10 mg oral troches; combination with betamethasone (Lotrisone, Rx) (1) · 100,000 units/mL oral suspension; 500,000 unit tablets; 100,000 units/g cream, ointment, powder; vaginal tablets (1) · 2% ointment; 2% cream; 2% nasal ointment (Bactroban Nasal) (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg capsules; 250 mg/5 mL, 125 mg/5 mL suspension; tablets (1) · 250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment (1) · 30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) · 300 mg capsules; 125, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1) · 4% prescription cream/lotion; OTC 2% withdrawn in US (2020 CARES Act); compounded higher strengths available (1) · 5, 10, 20, 100 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL IV (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream (1) · 95 mg (OTC), 99.5 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets (1) · Capsules 50, 100, 200, 400 mg; Elyxyb oral solution 25 mg/mL (1) · Pulmicort Flexhaler DPI 90, 180 mcg/dose; Pulmicort Respules 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/2 mL nebulized; Rhinocort intranasal 32 mcg/spray; Entocort EC 3 mg capsules; Uceris 9 mg ER tablets and rectal foam (1) · Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg (1) · Tablets 4 mg; oral syrup 2 mg/5 mL (1)
duration: (Click arrow to add another value)
bioavailability:
16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"' (1) · 90% (oral; food delays but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F3-QINU`"' (1) · Essentially zero systemic absorption from oral or topical routes — the topical-action-only profile is the basis of its safety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D18-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB5-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with limited but measurable systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001219-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000123A-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic; troche: ~3% systemic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F46-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A03-QINU`"' (1) · ~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; phenoxymethyl modification makes it acid-stable, unlike penicillin G which is destroyed by gastric acid)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E77-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral; predictable absorption — a substantive practical advantage over furosemide whose oral absorption is 10-100% variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B47-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid where possible; class concerns as for other loop diuretics.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally avoided in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy (no systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; commonly used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; loratadine and cetirizine have more pregnancy data and are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; minimal systemic exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited data; not first-line in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Long the preferred ICS in pregnancy (Pulmicort) due to the most pregnancy data among the class.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Some signal for cleft lip/palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Topical and vaginal generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

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