Drilldown: Medicines

Bisoprolol (1) · Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) (1) · Memantine ER / Donepezil (1) · Nebivolol (1)

Bystolic (1) · Drisdol, Calcidol; also many OTC preparations (1) · Namzaric (1) · Zebeta (1)

Beta Blocker (2) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) · Combined cholinesterase inhibitor + NMDA antagonist (1) · [[:Category:Fat-soluble_vitamins|Fat-soluble vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamin_D_analogs|Vitamin D analog]] (1)

Donepezil: reversible AChE inhibitor, increases synaptic acetylcholine. Memantine: uncompetitive low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist, dampens pathological glutamate overactivation while preserving normal synaptic signaling. Targets two distinct mechanisms in Alzheimer's. (1) · Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032A-QINU`"' D3 (cholecalciferol) is more potent at raising serum 25(OH)D per dose; D2 remains widely prescribed in the US Rx 50,000 IU formulation'"`UNIQ--ref-0000032B-QINU`"'. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-0000032C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000468-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1)

2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · Deficiency: 50,000 IU PO weekly for 8-12 weeks, then maintenance 800-2,000 IU/day; maintenance OTC dosing typically 800-2,000 IU/d (1) · For patients already stable on memantine 28 mg/d + donepezil 10 mg/d, switch to one capsule daily of equivalent strength (1)

2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1) · 50,000 IU capsules (Rx); 8,000 IU/mL oral solution (Rx); 400-5,000 IU OTC tablets and softgels (1) · 7/10, 14/10, 21/10, 28/10 mg ER capsules (memantine ER / donepezil) (1)

20 mg/d (1) · 28/10 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · Not strictly fixed; long-term Upper Limit ~4,000 IU/d in adults (Institute of Medicine) (1)

Oral (3) · Oral (capsule whole or opened/sprinkled on applesauce) (1)

1–2 h (2) · Component effects accumulate over weeks (1) · Days to weeks to raise 25(OH)D; clinical effect on bone over months (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

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9–12 h (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~24 hours (parent); ~15 days (25(OH)D); 25(OH)D stores persist for months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000330-QINU`"' (1) · ~60–80 h (memantine); ~70 h (donepezil) (1)

~100% both components (1) · ~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~75% (oral; fat-soluble, absorption requires intact biliary/lipid digestion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000331-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1)

Category C (2) · Not relevant (geriatric problem) (1) · Safe at replacement doses; deficiency is itself a risk in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (50,000 IU and concentrated solutions) in US (1) · Rx-only in US (3)