Drilldown: Medicines

Bisoprolol (1) · Nebivolol (1) · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1)

Bystolic (1) · Many generics/OTC (1) · Zebeta (1)

Beta Blocker (2) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) · [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1)

Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1)

2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1)

2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1)

20 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1)

None · Oral · IV · Topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · subcutaneous · Topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · Sublingual · thigh · inhaled · SC · intra-articular

Other values:

Search

1–2 h (2) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

Search

9–12 h (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1)

~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1)

Category C (2) · Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC in US (1) · Rx-only in US (2)