Drilldown: Medicines
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
Amitriptyline (hydrochloride) (1) ·
Brimonidine (1) ·
Cefuroxime (axetil oral, sodium IV) (1) ·
Cephalexin (1) ·
Ciprofloxacin (1) ·
Clindamycin (1) ·
Cyproheptadine (hydrochloride) (1) ·
Doxepin (hydrochloride) (1) ·
Erythromycin (1) ·
Ketotifen (1) ·
Loperamide (1) ·
Lorazepam (1) ·
Metronidazole (1) ·
Mirtazapine (1) ·
Nortriptyline (hydrochloride) (1) ·
Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) (1) ·
Phenazopyridine (1) ·
Torsemide (1)
brand:
Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) ·
Ativan (oral, injectable), Loreev XR (1) ·
Ceftin (oral), Zinacef (IV) (1) ·
Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Cleocin (oral, IV); Clindesse, Cleocin (vaginal); Clindets, Cleocin T (topical) (1) ·
Demadex, Soaanz (1) ·
E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, PCE, Erythrocin (lactobionate IV); topical Erygel, Akne-Mycin; ophthalmic ointment (1) ·
Elavil (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Endep, Tryptizol (1) ·
Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate (1) ·
Imodium, Imodium A-D (1) ·
Keflex, Daxbia, Panixine; mostly prescribed generically (1) ·
Pamelor (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Aventyl (1) ·
Pen-V, Veetids (mostly generic) (1) ·
Periactin (US brand discontinued; generic widely available) (1) ·
Pyridium (Rx), Azo Standard, AZO Urinary Pain Relief (OTC) (1) ·
Remeron (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Remeron SolTab (ODT) (1) ·
Sinequan (oral antidepressant, US brand discontinued), Silenor (low-dose for insomnia), Prudoxin / Zonalon (topical cream) (1) ·
Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)
classes:
[[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]] (4) ·
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (3) ·
[[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (3) ·
[[:Category:Migraine prophylactics|Migraine prophylactic]] (2) ·
[[:Category:Neuropathic pain medicines|Neuropathic pain medicine]] (2) ·
[[:Category:Tricyclic antidepressants|Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)]] (2)
mechanism:
None (14) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' Anticholinergic and sedating, with the standard first-generation antihistamine Beers-list concerns in elderly patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' Therapeutic plasma-level monitoring is standard practice for TCAs given the narrow therapeutic index and the established plasma-level-efficacy correlation. CYP2D6 substrate; CPIC PGx guidance applies for dose individualization'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B40-QINU`"' The TRANSFORM-HF trial (2023) found no all-cause mortality difference between torsemide and furosemide in heart failure, although torsemide remains pharmacologically preferred where furosemide oral absorption is unreliable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B41-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (2) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (2) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004ED-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000932-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000933-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000934-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000935-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000936-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000937-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B44-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B45-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BEA-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D38-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D39-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000E71-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E72-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E73-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E74-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E75-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FB3-QINU`"', '''adjunctive only''' (does not treat the underlying infection) (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FCF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF8-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010D0-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000143C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001440-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001441-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
10-20 mg PO/IV once daily; titrate by clinical response. 1:1 IV to PO conversion (unlike furosemide's 1:2) (1) ·
100-200 mg PO TID after meals × no more than 2 days when used with concurrent antibiotic (1) ·
15 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to 30-45 mg/day after 1-2 weeks. '''Counterintuitive dose paradox''': lower doses (7.5-15 mg) are more sedating than higher doses because H1 antihistamine effect dominates at low dose (1) ·
250-500 mg PO BID × 7-14 days; IV 1.5 g q8h for serious infections (1) ·
250-500 mg PO every 6-8 hours (1) ·
250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) ·
4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower (1) ·
500 mg PO every 6 hours, or 250 mg every 6 hours for mild infections (1) ·
500 mg PO TID × 7-10 days (most indications); 2 g single dose for trichomoniasis; 500 mg IV q8h for severe anaerobic infection; rectal 1 g BID (1) ·
500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) ·
Allergy: 4 mg PO TID. Serotonin syndrome: 12 mg loading dose PO or by nasogastric tube, then 2 mg every 2 hours until clinical improvement. Appetite stimulation: 2-4 mg PO TID-QID (1) ·
Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) ·
Depression (rarely used now): 25-75 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to 150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain / migraine prophylaxis: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate by 10-25 mg weekly to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions apply) (1) ·
Depression: 25 mg PO TID-QID or 75 mg at bedtime, titrate to 75-150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions, though less than amitriptyline) (1) ·
Depression: 25-75 mg/day to start, titrate to 75-150 mg/day at bedtime. Insomnia (Silenor): 3 mg PO 30 minutes before bedtime, max 6 mg. Topical (Prudoxin): apply to affected area every 3-4 hours (1) ·
Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) ·
Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) ·
Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days (1)
preparations:
0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) ·
0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza) (1) ·
125, 250, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension; 750 mg, 1.5 g IV vials (1) ·
2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom) (1) ·
250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1) ·
250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg capsules; 250 mg/5 mL, 125 mg/5 mL suspension; tablets (1) ·
250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment (1) ·
250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository (1) ·
250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic (1) ·
5, 10, 20, 100 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL IV (1) ·
75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream (1) ·
95 mg (OTC), 99.5 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets (1) ·
Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL (1) ·
Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg; oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; Silenor tablets 3, 6 mg; topical cream 5% (Prudoxin, Zonalon) (1) ·
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg (1) ·
Tablets 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg (1) ·
Tablets 4 mg; oral syrup 2 mg/5 mL (1) ·
Tablets 7.5, 15, 30, 45 mg; orally disintegrating tablets (SolTab) 15, 30, 45 mg (1)
fda max:
1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) ·
1 g/d (oral); 6 g/d (IV) (1) ·
10 mg/day (anxiety, oral) (1) ·
150 mg/day; therapeutic plasma-level monitoring recommended (target 50-150 ng/mL window) (1) ·
16 mg/d (8 mg/d OTC) (1) ·
2 g/d typical (1) ·
200 mg/d typical practical ceiling (1) ·
300 mg/day (depression, hospitalized); 150 mg/day outpatient; 6 mg/day for insomnia (1) ·
300 mg/day (historical hospitalized inpatient depression); 150 mg/day outpatient typical ceiling (1) ·
32 mg/day adult; weight-based pediatric ceiling (1) ·
4 g/d (1) ·
4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) ·
4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) ·
45 mg/day (1) ·
Limit to 48 hours of use to avoid hemolysis and methemoglobinemia (1) ·
TID per eye (1) ·
~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1) ·
~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1)
routes:
onset:
30-60 minutes (2) ·
30-60 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV); 15-30 minutes (IM) (1) ·
Hours (7) ·
IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) ·
Pain and migraine prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks (1) ·
PO 1 hour; IV 10 minutes (1) ·
Sleep effect from first dose; analgesic and migraine-prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks (1) ·
Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks (2) ·
Symptom relief within 30 minutes (1) ·
Within minutes (1)
duration: (Click arrow to add another value)
halflife:
12-15 hours (intermediate); '''no active metabolites''' (key clinical feature)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) ·
18-44 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) ·
20-40 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) ·
3-4 hours (similar between PO and IV due to high oral bioavailability)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B46-QINU`"' (1) ·
4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) ·
6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEB-QINU`"' (1) ·
8-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) ·
Amitriptyline 10-50 hours (highly variable); nortriptyline active metabolite 18-44 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) ·
Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F2-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FF9-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3E-QINU`"' (1) ·
~15 hours (parent); nordoxepin active metabolite ~30 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) ·
~2.5-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001442-QINU`"' (1) ·
~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
~30-60 minutes'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E76-QINU`"' (1) ·
~7-10 hours (variable; longer in renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB4-QINU`"' (1) ·
~9-14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD2-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
90% (oral; food delays but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F3-QINU`"' (1) ·
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB5-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) ·
~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"' (1) ·
~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) ·
~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) ·
~37% (oral, as axetil prodrug; food modestly improves absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FFA-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50% (oral; substantial first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) ·
~60% (oral; phenoxymethyl modification makes it acid-stable, unlike penicillin G which is destroyed by gastric acid)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E77-QINU`"' (1) ·
~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) ·
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"' (1) ·
~80% (oral; predictable absorption — a substantive practical advantage over furosemide whose oral absorption is 10-100% variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B47-QINU`"' (1) ·
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) ·
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"' (1) ·
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern); use only when benefit clearly outweighs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Avoid where possible; class concerns as for other loop diuretics.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe after the first trimester; first-trimester use weighed against indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; commonly used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (2) ·
Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; not first-line in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited human data; some observational signals reassuring relative to other antidepressants.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Older agent with substantial use experience; observational signals not clearly causal.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Some signal for cleft lip/palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
TCA class signal; limited human data specific to doxepin.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
TCA class signal; limited human data specific to nortriptyline.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
None (1) ·
OTC (lower doses) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher doses) in US (1) ·
OTC (ophthalmic ointment) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) ·
OTC in US (2) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (7) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for Clostridioides difficile colitis (one of the most C. difficile-inducing antibiotic classes)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001444-QINU`"' (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (2) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) ·
[[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1)
Showing below up to 18 results in range #1 to #18.