Drilldown: Medicines

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) · Bisacodyl (1) · Citalopram (1) · Docusate (sodium or calcium) (1) · Donepezil (1) · Escitalopram (1) · Guaifenesin (1) · Lactulose (1) · Paroxetine (HCl; mesylate as Pexeva) (1) · Polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) (1)

Aricept (oral), Adlarity (transdermal patch) (1) · Celexa (1) · Colace (sodium), Surfak (calcium); many generics OTC (1) · Dulcolax, Correctol, Bisac-Evac (1) · Generic; huge OTC presence (1) · Kristalose, Constulose, Generlac, Enulose (1) · Lexapro (1) · MiraLAX (OTC), GlycoLax, GoLYTELY (with electrolytes for bowel prep), CoLyte, MoviPrep, NuLYTELY (1) · Mucinex, Robitussin, Tussin (1) · Paxil (IR), Paxil CR (controlled-release), Brisdelle (low-dose for menopausal vasomotor symptoms), Pexeva (paroxetine mesylate) (1)

[[:Category:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors|Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]] (1) · [[:Category:Anti-dementia medicines|Anti-dementia medicine]] (1) · [[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]] (3) · [[:Category:Antioxidants|Antioxidant]] (1) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (2) · [[:Category:Bowel_preparation_agents|Bowel preparation agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Diphenylmethane_laxatives|Diphenylmethane laxative]] (1) · [[:Category:Disaccharides|Non-absorbable disaccharide]] (1) · [[:Category:Expectorants|Expectorant]] (1) · [[:Category:Hepatic_encephalopathy_treatments|Hepatic encephalopathy treatment]] (1) · [[:Category:Mucolytics|Mucolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative]] (2) · [[:Category:SSRIs|Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)]] (3) · [[:Category:Stimulant_laxatives|Stimulant laxative]] (1) · [[:Category:Stool_softeners|Stool softener]] (1) · [[:Category:Surfactants|Surfactant]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:Water-soluble_vitamins|Water-soluble vitamin]] (1)

None (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' CYP2C19 + CYP3A4 metabolism, with CPIC PGx guidance: poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have ~3-fold higher exposure and benefit from a lower starting dose; ultrarapid metabolizers may have inadequate response'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104D-QINU`"' Adequate hydration is at least as important as the drug in producing the expectorant effect clinically. Used in combination with dextromethorphan, decongestants, or antihistamines in many proprietary OTC cold preparations. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001067-QINU`"' Chronic use is associated with cathartic colon (colonic dilation, loss of haustration), hypokalemia, and laxative dependence; reserved for short-term use or bowel prep with breaks between courses'"`UNIQ--ref-00001068-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000132D-QINU`"' Electrolyte-balanced bowel-prep formulations are designed to be iso-osmotic with plasma so the volume passes through without net fluid or electrolyte shifts, the basis of their safety for whole-bowel evacuation. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000029-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000106A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000132E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000132F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001330-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001341-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001342-QINU`"' (1)

10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed (1) · 100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) · 20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/day after 1 week if tolerated. Elderly (>60) and hepatic impairment: 20 mg/day ceiling (1) · 200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER) (1) · 5 mg PO once daily at bedtime; titrate to 10 mg/day after 4-6 weeks. Severe Alzheimer disease: may escalate to 23 mg/day. Adlarity patch: 5 or 10 mg/day applied weekly (1) · 5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses (1) · Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1) · Constipation: 17 g (one capful) PO daily dissolved in 4-8 oz fluid; bowel prep: 4 L of PEG-electrolyte solution split-dose evening before and morning of procedure (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · MDD/GAD: 20 mg PO once daily. Panic disorder: 10 mg titrating to 40 mg. OCD: 20 mg titrating to 40-60 mg. CR: 25 mg/day. Brisdelle: 7.5 mg at bedtime for hot flashes (1)

10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · 100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · 17 g (OTC) and 14 g (Rx) powder packets; 238, 510, 527 g bottles; PEG-electrolyte preparations 4 L (GoLYTELY, NuLYTELY) (1) · 5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx (1) · 50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) · IR tablets 10, 20, 30, 40 mg; CR tablets 12.5, 25, 37.5 mg; oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL; Brisdelle capsules 7.5 mg (1) · Oral tablets 5, 10, 23 mg; ODT 5, 10 mg; Adlarity transdermal patch 5, 10 mg/day (weekly application) (1) · Tablets 10, 20, 40 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL (1) · Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL (1)

'''20 mg/day in adults >60 years''' per FDA's 2011-2012 QT-prolongation warning; 40 mg/day in adults ≤60 (1) · 2.4 g/d (1) · 20 mg/day (adult); 10 mg/day in elderly and in hepatic impairment (1) · 23 mg/day (1) · 30 mg/d for short-term use (1) · 50 mg/day (IR); 62.5 mg/day (CR); 60 mg/day (OCD) (1) · Indication-specific; bowel prep regimens reach 4 L cumulative (1) · Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) · ~500 mg/d typical (1)

especially in acute HE) (1) · IV (1) · Oral (10) · rectal (2) · rectal (enema (1) · transdermal (1)

1-3 days (1) · 30 minutes (1) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks (1) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Cognitive effect emerges gradually over weeks to months; ceiling effect at the therapeutic dose (1) · Constipation: 1-3 days; bowel prep: 1-3 hours after starting (1) · Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

Search

27-32 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (1) · Not meaningfully described (negligible systemic absorption) (1) · Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1) · Variable; effect dependent on local intestinal action rather than systemic kinetics'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106B-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001050-QINU`"' (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) · ~21 hours (with nonlinear pharmacokinetics from CYP2D6 autoinhibition)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' (1) · ~35 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · ~70 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing without peak-trough variation)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

<0.1% systemic absorption (PEG 3350 is too large to absorb intact) (1) · <3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"' (1) · Highly variable due to saturable first-pass metabolism'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002C-QINU`"' (1) · Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) · Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (2)

None (1) · '''Among the least preferred SSRIs in pregnancy.''' Observational signal for cardiac malformations (atrial and ventricular septal defects) with first-trimester exposure, and the most severe neonatal adaptation syndrome of any SSRI with third-trimester exposure'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002D-QINU`"' (1) · Generally considered acceptable for short-term use.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered acceptable.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe due to minimal systemic absorption.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; rarely indicated in pregnancy given the patient population.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Observational signal for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (small absolute risk) and neonatal adaptation syndrome with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (MiraLAX) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (electrolyte solutions for bowel prep) in US (1) · OTC in US (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002E-QINU`"' (1)