Drilldown: Medicines

None (3) · Cephalexin (1) · Clindamycin (1) · Cyproheptadine (hydrochloride) (1) · Erythromycin (1) · Guaifenesin (1) · Lorazepam (1) · Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) (1) · Phenazopyridine (1) · Torsemide (1)

Ativan (oral, injectable), Loreev XR (1) · Belsomra (1) · Cleocin (oral, IV); Clindesse, Cleocin (vaginal); Clindets, Cleocin T (topical) (1) · Dayvigo (1) · Demadex, Soaanz (1) · E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, PCE, Erythrocin (lactobionate IV); topical Erygel, Akne-Mycin; ophthalmic ointment (1) · Keflex, Daxbia, Panixine; mostly prescribed generically (1) · Mucinex, Robitussin, Tussin (1) · Pen-V, Veetids (mostly generic) (1) · Periactin (US brand discontinued; generic widely available) (1) · Pyridium (Rx), Azo Standard, AZO Urinary Pain Relief (OTC) (1) · Quviviq (1)

Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (3) · narrow-spectrum)]] (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (2) · [[:Category:Antihistamines|First-generation antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:Azo_dyes|Azo dye]] (1) · [[:Category:Benzodiazepines|Benzodiazepine]] (1) · [[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (2) · [[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (first-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Expectorants|Expectorant]] (1) · [[:Category:Lincosamides|Lincosamide antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Loop_diuretics|Loop diuretic]] (1) · [[:Category:Macrolide_antibiotics|Macrolide antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Mucolytics|Mucolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:Orexigenics|Appetite-promoting medicine (orexigenic)]] (1) · [[:Category:Penicillins|Penicillin (natural (1) · [[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic (off-label)]] (1) · [[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]] (1) · [[:Category:Serotonin antagonists|Serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Urinary_analgesics|Urinary tract analgesic]] (1)

None (7) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' Anticholinergic and sedating, with the standard first-generation antihistamine Beers-list concerns in elderly patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B40-QINU`"' The TRANSFORM-HF trial (2023) found no all-cause mortality difference between torsemide and furosemide in heart failure, although torsemide remains pharmacologically preferred where furosemide oral absorption is unreliable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B41-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104D-QINU`"' Adequate hydration is at least as important as the drug in producing the expectorant effect clinically. Used in combination with dextromethorphan, decongestants, or antihistamines in many proprietary OTC cold preparations. (1)

Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000004ED-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B44-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B45-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D38-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D39-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E71-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E72-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E73-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E74-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E75-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FB3-QINU`"', '''adjunctive only''' (does not treat the underlying infection) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001440-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001441-QINU`"' (1)

10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10-20 mg PO/IV once daily; titrate by clinical response. 1:1 IV to PO conversion (unlike furosemide's 1:2) (1) · 100-200 mg PO TID after meals × no more than 2 days when used with concurrent antibiotic (1) · 200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER) (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 250-500 mg PO every 6-8 hours (1) · 250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · 500 mg PO every 6 hours, or 250 mg every 6 hours for mild infections (1) · Allergy: 4 mg PO TID. Serotonin syndrome: 12 mg loading dose PO or by nasogastric tube, then 2 mg every 2 hours until clinical improvement. Appetite stimulation: 2-4 mg PO TID-QID (1) · Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) · Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days (1)

100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg capsules; 250 mg/5 mL, 125 mg/5 mL suspension; tablets (1) · 250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5, 10, 20, 100 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL IV (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream (1) · 95 mg (OTC), 99.5 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets (1) · Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg (1) · Tablets 4 mg; oral syrup 2 mg/5 mL (1)

10 mg/d (1) · 10 mg/day (anxiety, oral) (1) · 2 g/d typical (1) · 2.4 g/d (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 200 mg/d typical practical ceiling (1) · 32 mg/day adult; weight-based pediatric ceiling (1) · 4 g/d (1) · 4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) · 4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) · 50 mg/d (1) · Limit to 48 hours of use to avoid hemolysis and methemoglobinemia (1)

IM (1) · intramuscular (1) · intravenous (1) · IV (3) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (12) · topical (2) · vaginal (1)

30 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV); 15-30 minutes (IM) (1) · Hours (4) · PO 1 hour; IV 10 minutes (1) · Symptom relief within 30 minutes (1) · ~30 min (3)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

Search

12-15 hours (intermediate); '''no active metabolites''' (key clinical feature)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · 3-4 hours (similar between PO and IV due to high oral bioavailability)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B46-QINU`"' (1) · 8-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F2-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001050-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3E-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~2.5-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001442-QINU`"' (1) · ~30-60 minutes'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E76-QINU`"' (1) · ~7-10 hours (variable; longer in renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB4-QINU`"' (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

90% (oral; food delays but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F3-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB5-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"' (1) · ~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) · ~44% (1) · ~60% (oral; phenoxymethyl modification makes it acid-stable, unlike penicillin G which is destroyed by gastric acid)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E77-QINU`"' (1) · ~62% (1) · ~80% (oral; predictable absorption — a substantive practical advantage over furosemide whose oral absorption is 10-100% variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B47-QINU`"' (1) · ~82% (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)

Avoid where possible; class concerns as for other loop diuretics.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered acceptable.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; commonly used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited data; avoid (3) · Limited data; not first-line in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Some signal for cleft lip/palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (lower doses) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher doses) in US (1) · OTC (ophthalmic ointment) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC in US (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for Clostridioides difficile colitis (one of the most C. difficile-inducing antibiotic classes)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001444-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1)