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None (7) · Cephalexin (1) · Clindamycin (1) · Cyproheptadine (hydrochloride) (1) · Erythromycin (1) · Fluorouracil (5-FU) (1) · Lorazepam (1) · Omega-3-acid ethyl esters (1) · Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) (1) · Phenazopyridine (1) · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1) · Torsemide (1) · Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) (1)

Ativan (oral, injectable), Loreev XR (1) · Caplyta (1) · Cleocin (oral, IV); Clindesse, Cleocin (vaginal); Clindets, Cleocin T (topical) (1) · Demadex, Soaanz (1) · E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, PCE, Erythrocin (lactobionate IV); topical Erygel, Akne-Mycin; ophthalmic ointment (1) · Efudex (topical), Carac (topical), Fluoroplex (topical); generic IV (1) · Keflex, Daxbia, Panixine; mostly prescribed generically (1) · Lovaza, Omtryg (1) · Many generics/OTC (1) · Nuplazid (1) · Pen-V, Veetids (mostly generic) (1) · Periactin (US brand discontinued; generic widely available) (1) · Pyridium (Rx), Azo Standard, AZO Urinary Pain Relief (OTC) (1) · Qelbree (1) · REL-1017 / esmethadone (investigational; not yet FDA-approved as of mid-2024) (1) · Retin-A, Renova, Atralin, Avita, Tretin-X, Refissa, Altreno; Vesanoid (oral, APL) (1) · Rexulti (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Viibryd (1)

None (12) · Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects. (1) · Selective inverse agonist at 5HT2A receptors with weaker activity at 5HT2C. Has no significant dopamine D2 affinity, unique among approved antipsychotics. Inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) reduces constitutive 5HT2A receptor activity below baseline. (1) · Selective NET inhibitor (no significant DAT activity, distinguishes from amphetamine/methylphenidate). Also: 5HT1A receptor partial agonism, 5HT2B and 5HT7 receptor antagonism. The serotonergic actions may underlie better tolerability and possibly different efficacy spectrum than atomoxetine. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' Anticholinergic and sedating, with the standard first-generation antihistamine Beers-list concerns in elderly patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000004E-QINU`"' The EPA+DHA mix is biochemically and clinically distinct from icosapent ethyl'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B40-QINU`"' The TRANSFORM-HF trial (2023) found no all-cause mortality difference between torsemide and furosemide in heart failure, although torsemide remains pharmacologically preferred where furosemide oral absorption is unreliable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B41-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)

10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 10-20 mg PO/IV once daily; titrate by clinical response. 1:1 IV to PO conversion (unlike furosemide's 1:2) (1) · 100-200 mg PO TID after meals × no more than 2 days when used with concurrent antibiotic (1) · 250-500 mg PO every 6-8 hours (1) · 250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) · 34 mg PO once daily (1) · 4 g PO daily (as 4 x 1 g capsules once daily, or 2 capsules BID) (1) · 42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration) (1) · 500 mg PO every 6 hours, or 250 mg every 6 hours for mild infections (1) · Allergy: 4 mg PO TID. Serotonin syndrome: 12 mg loading dose PO or by nasogastric tube, then 2 mg every 2 hours until clinical improvement. Appetite stimulation: 2-4 mg PO TID-QID (1) · Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) · Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days (1) · Pediatric 6-11: 100 mg PO daily, titrate weekly to max 400 mg. Adolescent 12-17: 200 mg, max 400 mg. Adult: 200 mg, max 600 mg. (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1) · Topical: 0.5-5% cream/solution to lesions BID × 2-4 weeks; systemic IV: regimen-specific in cancer chemotherapy (1) · Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1) · Trials use 25 mg or 50 mg PO daily (1)

0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 0.5% (Carac), 1% (Fluoroplex), 5% (Efudex) topical creams/solutions; 50 mg/mL IV (1) · 1 g soft gelatin capsules containing ~465 mg EPA + ~375 mg DHA as ethyl esters (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets (1) · 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg extended-release capsules (can be sprinkled on food) (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg capsules; 250 mg/5 mL, 125 mg/5 mL suspension; tablets (1) · 250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment (1) · 42 mg capsules (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5, 10, 20, 100 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL IV (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream (1) · 95 mg (OTC), 99.5 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets (1) · Investigational oral capsule (1) · Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg (1) · Tablets 4 mg; oral syrup 2 mg/5 mL (1) · Topical 0.01-0.1% creams, gels, micropsheres, lotions; oral 10 mg capsules (Vesanoid) (1)

10 mg/day (anxiety, oral) (1) · 2 g/d typical (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 200 mg/d typical practical ceiling (1) · 32 mg/day adult; weight-based pediatric ceiling (1) · 34 mg/d (1) · 4 g/d (2) · 4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1) · 4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/d (pediatric); 600 mg/d (adult) (1) · 42 mg/d (1) · Limit to 48 hours of use to avoid hemolysis and methemoglobinemia (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) · Not yet approved (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · Topical: nightly; systemic: regimen-specific (1)

IM (1) · intramuscular (1) · intravenous (1) · IV (4) · IV (rare) (1) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (17) · oral (APL only) (1) · Topical (4) · vaginal (1)

30-60 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV); 15-30 minutes (IM) (1) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · ADHD symptom improvement reported within 1-2 weeks (faster than atomoxetine which takes 4-6 weeks) (1) · Antipsychotic effect over weeks (1) · Benefit over weeks of dosing (1) · Hours (4) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) · PO 1 hour; IV 10 minutes (1) · Rapid (within 1 week in trials) (1) · Symptom relief within 30 minutes (1) · Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course (1) · Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 2-4 weeks; max at 8 weeks (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1)

12-15 hours (intermediate); '''no active metabolites''' (key clinical feature)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · 3-4 hours (similar between PO and IV due to high oral bioavailability)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B46-QINU`"' (1) · 8-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally established (1) · Not well characterized; tissue incorporation over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000051-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F2-QINU`"' (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3E-QINU`"' (1) · ~10-20 minutes systemically (rapid hepatic and erythrocyte dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase clearance)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BE-QINU`"' (1) · ~18 hours (terminal) (1) · ~2.5-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001442-QINU`"' (1) · ~25 hours (1) · ~30-60 minutes'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E76-QINU`"' (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1) · ~66 hours (1) · ~7 hours (1) · ~7-10 hours (variable; longer in renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB4-QINU`"' (1) · ~91 hours (1)

90% (oral; food delays but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F3-QINU`"' (1) · Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB5-QINU`"' (1) · Improved with food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · Limited but adequate; take with food (1) · Not characterized; oral dosing once daily (1) · Oral bioavailability suitable for daily dosing (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption (oral systemic 5-FU not used due to poor and variable absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BF-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) · ~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) · ~60% (oral; phenoxymethyl modification makes it acid-stable, unlike penicillin G which is destroyed by gastric acid)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E77-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~80% (oral; predictable absorption — a substantive practical advantage over furosemide whose oral absorption is 10-100% variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B47-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (1) · ~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)

Investigational (1) · OTC (lower doses) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher doses) in US (1) · OTC (ophthalmic ointment) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC in US (1) · Rx (4) · Rx, '''not a controlled substance''' (no DEA scheduling) (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (7) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for Clostridioides difficile colitis (one of the most C. difficile-inducing antibiotic classes)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001444-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1)