Drilldown: Medicines

Fluorouracil (5-FU) (1) · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1) · Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) (1) · Zolpidem (tartrate) (1)

Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Efudex (topical), Carac (topical), Fluoroplex (topical); generic IV (1) · Many generics/OTC (1) · Retin-A, Renova, Atralin, Avita, Tretin-X, Refissa, Altreno; Vesanoid (oral, APL) (1)

APL)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antimetabolites|Antimetabolite (pyrimidine analog)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antineoplastics|Antineoplastic (oral (1) · [[:Category:Antineoplastics|Antineoplastic]] (1) · [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics|Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Retinoids|Retinoid]] (1) · [[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]] (1) · [[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid]] (1) · [[:Category:Topical_retinoids|Topical retinoid]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1)

None (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA2-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BD-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1)

'''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) · Topical: 0.5-5% cream/solution to lesions BID × 2-4 weeks; systemic IV: regimen-specific in cancer chemotherapy (1) · Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1)

0.5% (Carac), 1% (Fluoroplex), 5% (Efudex) topical creams/solutions; 50 mg/mL IV (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) · Topical 0.01-0.1% creams, gels, micropsheres, lotions; oral 10 mg capsules (Vesanoid) (1)

10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · Topical: nightly; systemic: regimen-specific (1)

IV (1) · IV (rare) (1) · Oral (2) · oral (APL only) (1) · oromucosal spray (1) · sublingual (1) · Topical (2)

15-30 minutes (1) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) · Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course (1) · Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

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~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~10-20 minutes systemically (rapid hepatic and erythrocyte dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase clearance)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BE-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)

Topical: minimal systemic absorption (oral systemic 5-FU not used due to poor and variable absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BF-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

None (1) · Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Topical: avoid; systemic: contraindicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)