Drilldown: Medicines

None (7) · Brimonidine (1) · Cefuroxime (axetil oral, sodium IV) (1) · Ciprofloxacin (1) · Ketotifen (1) · Levothyroxine (1) · Loperamide (1) · Metronidazole (1) · Omega-3-acid ethyl esters (1) · Thyroid (desiccated) (1)

Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) · Armour Thyroid, NP Thyroid, Nature-Throid, WP Thyroid (1) · Caplyta (1) · Ceftin (oral), Zinacef (IV) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate (1) · Imodium, Imodium A-D (1) · Lovaza, Omtryg (1) · Nuplazid (1) · Qelbree (1) · REL-1017 / esmethadone (investigational; not yet FDA-approved as of mid-2024) (1) · Rexulti (1) · Synthroid, Levoxyl, Tirosint, Unithroid, Euthyrox (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Viibryd (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)

5HT1A activity than aripiprazole (1) · 5HT2A (1) · 5HT2A/D2 antagonist with proposed differential pre/post-synaptic D2 activity (1) · Atypical antipsychotic (2) · D2/5HT1A partial agonist with stronger α1A (1) · gut-restricted)]] (1) · low-trapping) (1) · Multimodal antidepressant: SERT inhibitor + 5HT1A agonist + 5HT1B partial agonist + 5HT3/5HT7 antagonist (1) · NMDA receptor antagonist (uncompetitive (1) · non-stimulant ADHD agent (1) · Selective 5HT2A inverse agonist (with weaker 5HT2C inverse agonism) (1) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) with 5HT1A partial agonism (1) · Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) (1) · [[:Category:Alpha-2_agonists|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial (anaerobic)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (1) · [[:Category:Antidiarrheals|Antidiarrheal]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiprotozoals|Antiprotozoal]] (1) · [[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (second-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]] (1) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Hormone_replacement|Hormone replacement]] (2) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (1) · [[:Category:Nitroimidazoles|Nitroimidazole antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Omega-3_fatty_acids|Omega-3 fatty acid]] (1) · [[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Opioid_receptor_agonists|Peripheral opioid receptor agonist (μ-selective (1) · [[:Category:Thyroid_hormones|Thyroid hormone]] (2)

None (9) · Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects. (1) · Selective inverse agonist at 5HT2A receptors with weaker activity at 5HT2C. Has no significant dopamine D2 affinity, unique among approved antipsychotics. Inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) reduces constitutive 5HT2A receptor activity below baseline. (1) · Selective NET inhibitor (no significant DAT activity, distinguishes from amphetamine/methylphenidate). Also: 5HT1A receptor partial agonism, 5HT2B and 5HT7 receptor antagonism. The serotonergic actions may underlie better tolerability and possibly different efficacy spectrum than atomoxetine. (1) · Synthetic T4 (thyroxine); peripherally deiodinated to T3 (triiodothyronine), the active hormone. '"`UNIQ--vote-00000031-QINU`"' Narrow therapeutic index; brand-to-generic switches can shift TSH and require re-titration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000032-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' Brand-to-brand and lot-to-lot variability in T3:T4 ratio is greater than with synthetic levothyroxine, which is why endocrine guidelines prefer the synthetic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000004E-QINU`"' The EPA+DHA mix is biochemically and clinically distinct from icosapent ethyl'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1)

ADHD in children (6+), adolescents, and adults (FDA-approved 2021 for pediatric, 2022 for adult) (1) · Hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Investigational for psychosis in other dementias and as augmentation for depression. (1) · Investigational for major depressive disorder; trials underway (phase 3 mixed results) (1) · Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2011) (1) · Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2013). Notable for evidence of cognitive benefit (processing speed) that distinguishes it from other antidepressants. (1) · Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015). '''Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer disease''' (FDA-approved May 2023, first agent specifically approved for this problem). Investigational for PTSD (combined with sertraline). (1) · Schizophrenia (FDA-approved Dec 2019). Bipolar depression as monotherapy or adjunct to lithium/valproate (FDA-approved Dec 2021). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000033-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000034-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000035-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000932-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000933-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000934-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000935-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000936-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000937-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BEA-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FCF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF8-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010D0-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"' (1)

1.6 mcg/kg/d in young healthy adults; 25-50 mcg/d in elderly or cardiac disease, titrated by TSH at 6-8 weeks (1) · 10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 250-500 mg PO BID × 7-14 days; IV 1.5 g q8h for serious infections (1) · 30 mg PO daily (1/2 grain); titrate by TSH at 6-8 weeks; 60 mg desiccated thyroid is approximately equivalent to 88-100 mcg levothyroxine (1) · 34 mg PO once daily (1) · 4 g PO daily (as 4 x 1 g capsules once daily, or 2 capsules BID) (1) · 4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower (1) · 42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration) (1) · 500 mg PO TID × 7-10 days (most indications); 2 g single dose for trichomoniasis; 500 mg IV q8h for severe anaerobic infection; rectal 1 g BID (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Pediatric 6-11: 100 mg PO daily, titrate weekly to max 400 mg. Adolescent 12-17: 200 mg, max 400 mg. Adult: 200 mg, max 600 mg. (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1) · Trials use 25 mg or 50 mg PO daily (1)

0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) · 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza) (1) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 1 g soft gelatin capsules containing ~465 mg EPA + ~375 mg DHA as ethyl esters (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets (1) · 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg extended-release capsules (can be sprinkled on food) (1) · 125, 250, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension; 750 mg, 1.5 g IV vials (1) · 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg tablets (1/4 to 5 grains; 1 grain = 60 mg) (1) · 2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom) (1) · 25, 50, 75, 88, 100, 112, 125, 137, 150, 175, 200, 300 mcg tablets; oral capsule and IV/IM also available (1) · 250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository (1) · 250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic (1) · 42 mg capsules (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · Investigational oral capsule (1)

1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 1 g/d (oral); 6 g/d (IV) (1) · 16 mg/d (8 mg/d OTC) (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 34 mg/d (1) · 4 g/d (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/d (pediatric); 600 mg/d (adult) (1) · 42 mg/d (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to TSH target (2) · Not yet approved (1) · TID per eye (1) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1) · ~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1)

IM (1) · IV (4) · Oral (14) · otic (1) · topical (1) · topical ophthalmic (3) · topical skin (1) · vaginal (1)

30-60 minutes (1) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · ADHD symptom improvement reported within 1-2 weeks (faster than atomoxetine which takes 4-6 weeks) (1) · Antipsychotic effect over weeks (1) · Benefit over weeks of dosing (1) · Hours (3) · IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) · Rapid (within 1 week in trials) (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 2-4 weeks; max at 8 weeks (1) · TSH normalization 4-8 weeks (1) · TSH normalization 4-8 weeks; symptomatic improvement weeks to months (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1) · Within minutes (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

Search

4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) · 6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEB-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally established (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) · Not well characterized; tissue incorporation over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000051-QINU`"' (1) · T4 ~7 days; T3 ~1 day'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FF9-QINU`"' (1) · ~18 hours (terminal) (1) · ~25 hours (1) · ~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1) · ~66 hours (1) · ~7 days (euthyroid); longer in hypothyroidism (~9-10 days), shorter in hyperthyroidism'"`UNIQ--ref-00000036-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 hours (1) · ~9-14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD2-QINU`"' (1) · ~91 hours (1)

40-80% (oral); reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs, fiber; take fasting with water'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"' (1) · Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation (1) · Improved with food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · Limited but adequate; take with food (1) · Not characterized; oral dosing once daily (1) · Oral bioavailability suitable for daily dosing (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) · Variable; reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"' (1) · ~37% (oral, as axetil prodrug; food modestly improves absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FFA-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (1)

'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern); use only when benefit clearly outweighs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · First-line in pregnancy; dose typically increased 25-30% due to estrogen-driven rise in TBG and fetal demand. Lactation safe at physiologic doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe after the first trimester; first-trimester use weighed against indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Investigational (1) · Limited data (1) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; avoid (1) · Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available (1) · Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics (1) · Limited data; weigh benefits/risks (2) · Limited human data<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Synthetic levothyroxine is the standard-of-care in pregnancy; desiccated thyroid use in pregnancy is not well studied.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)

None (1) · Investigational (1) · OTC in US (2) · Rx (4) · Rx, '''not a controlled substance''' (no DEA scheduling) (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (6)