Drilldown: Medicines
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generic:
brand:
Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) ·
Belsomra (1) ·
Ceftin (oral), Zinacef (IV) (1) ·
Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Dayvigo (1) ·
Efudex (topical), Carac (topical), Fluoroplex (topical); generic IV (1) ·
Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate (1) ·
Imodium, Imodium A-D (1) ·
Many generics/OTC (1) ·
Quviviq (1) ·
Retin-A, Renova, Atralin, Avita, Tretin-X, Refissa, Altreno; Vesanoid (oral, APL) (1) ·
Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)
classes:
APL)]] (1) ·
Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (3) ·
gut-restricted)]] (1) ·
the first approved (1) ·
[[:Category:Alpha-2_agonists|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial (anaerobic)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antidiarrheals|Antidiarrheal]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antimetabolites|Antimetabolite (pyrimidine analog)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antineoplastics|Antineoplastic (oral (1) ·
[[:Category:Antineoplastics|Antineoplastic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antiprotozoals|Antiprotozoal]] (1) ·
[[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (second-generation)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]] (1) ·
[[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Nitroimidazoles|Nitroimidazole antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Opioid_receptor_agonists|Peripheral opioid receptor agonist (μ-selective (1) ·
[[:Category:Retinoids|Retinoid]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Topical_retinoids|Topical retinoid]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1)
mechanism:
None (8) ·
Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) ·
Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) ·
Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) ·
Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022) (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000932-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000933-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000934-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000935-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000936-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000937-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA2-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BEA-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FCF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF8-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010D0-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000011BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BD-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) ·
25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) ·
250-500 mg PO BID × 7-14 days; IV 1.5 g q8h for serious infections (1) ·
4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower (1) ·
5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) ·
500 mg PO TID × 7-10 days (most indications); 2 g single dose for trichomoniasis; 500 mg IV q8h for severe anaerobic infection; rectal 1 g BID (1) ·
500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) ·
Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) ·
Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) ·
Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) ·
Topical: 0.5-5% cream/solution to lesions BID × 2-4 weeks; systemic IV: regimen-specific in cancer chemotherapy (1) ·
Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1)
preparations:
0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) ·
0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza) (1) ·
0.5% (Carac), 1% (Fluoroplex), 5% (Efudex) topical creams/solutions; 50 mg/mL IV (1) ·
125, 250, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension; 750 mg, 1.5 g IV vials (1) ·
2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom) (1) ·
25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) ·
25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) ·
250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository (1) ·
250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic (1) ·
5 mg, 10 mg tablets (1) ·
5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) ·
Topical 0.01-0.1% creams, gels, micropsheres, lotions; oral 10 mg capsules (Vesanoid) (1)
fda max:
1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) ·
1 g/d (oral); 6 g/d (IV) (1) ·
10 mg/d (1) ·
16 mg/d (8 mg/d OTC) (1) ·
20 mg/d (1) ·
50 mg/d (1) ·
No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) ·
TID per eye (1) ·
Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) ·
Topical: nightly; systemic: regimen-specific (1) ·
~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1) ·
~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1)
routes:
onset:
30-60 minutes (1) ·
Hours (3) ·
IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) ·
Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) ·
Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course (1) ·
Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1) ·
Within minutes (1) ·
~30 min (3)
duration: (Click arrow to add another value)
halflife:
4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) ·
6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEB-QINU`"' (1) ·
Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) ·
~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) ·
~1.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FF9-QINU`"' (1) ·
~10-20 minutes systemically (rapid hepatic and erythrocyte dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase clearance)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BE-QINU`"' (1) ·
~12 hours (1) ·
~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) ·
~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1) ·
~9-14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD2-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical: minimal systemic absorption (oral systemic 5-FU not used due to poor and variable absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BF-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) ·
~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"' (1) ·
~37% (oral, as axetil prodrug; food modestly improves absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FFA-QINU`"' (1) ·
~44% (1) ·
~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) ·
~62% (1) ·
~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) ·
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"' (1) ·
~82% (1)
pregnancy:
None (1) ·
'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern); use only when benefit clearly outweighs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe after the first trimester; first-trimester use weighed against indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; avoid (3) ·
Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Topical: avoid; systemic: contraindicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
Showing below up to 12 results in range #1 to #12.