Drilldown: Medicines

None (8) · Calcium (carbonate, citrate, gluconate, chloride salts) (1) · Ivermectin (1) · Magnesium (oxide, citrate, sulfate, hydroxide, gluconate, chloride salts) (1) · Omega-3-acid ethyl esters (1)

Botox (1) · Caplyta (1) · Lovaza, Omtryg (1) · Mag-Ox, Slow-Mag, MagCitrate, Milk of Magnesia (hydroxide); IV sulfate generic (1) · Nuplazid (1) · Qelbree (1) · REL-1017 / esmethadone (investigational; not yet FDA-approved as of mid-2024) (1) · Rexulti (1) · Stromectol (oral, generic), Sklice (lice, topical), Soolantra (rosacea, topical 1%) (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Tums, Caltrate, Os-Cal, Citracal; many generics (1) · Viibryd (1)

5HT1A activity than aripiprazole (1) · 5HT2A (1) · 5HT2A/D2 antagonist with proposed differential pre/post-synaptic D2 activity (1) · Atypical antipsychotic (2) · D2/5HT1A partial agonist with stronger α1A (1) · hydroxide)]] (1) · low-trapping) (1) · Multimodal antidepressant: SERT inhibitor + 5HT1A agonist + 5HT1B partial agonist + 5HT3/5HT7 antagonist (1) · neuromuscular blocker (presynaptic) (1) · Neurotoxin (1) · NMDA receptor antagonist (uncompetitive (1) · non-stimulant ADHD agent (1) · Selective 5HT2A inverse agonist (with weaker 5HT2C inverse agonism) (1) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) with 5HT1A partial agonism (1) · Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) (1) · torsades)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (carbonate)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (hydroxide)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (IV sulfate (1) · [[:Category:Antiparasitics|Antiparasitic]] (1) · [[:Category:Calcium_supplements|Calcium supplement]] (1) · [[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]] (2) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Macrocyclic_lactones|Macrocyclic lactone (avermectin)]] (1) · [[:Category:Omega-3_fatty_acids|Omega-3 fatty acid]] (1) · [[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative (citrate (1)

None (6) · Cleaves SNAP-25 protein in presynaptic motor and autonomic nerve terminals, blocking acetylcholine release; in chronic migraine, hypothesized to inhibit peripheral sensitization of trigeminovascular nociceptors (1) · Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects. (1) · Selective inverse agonist at 5HT2A receptors with weaker activity at 5HT2C. Has no significant dopamine D2 affinity, unique among approved antipsychotics. Inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) reduces constitutive 5HT2A receptor activity below baseline. (1) · Selective NET inhibitor (no significant DAT activity, distinguishes from amphetamine/methylphenidate). Also: 5HT1A receptor partial agonism, 5HT2B and 5HT7 receptor antagonism. The serotonergic actions may underlie better tolerability and possibly different efficacy spectrum than atomoxetine. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000004E-QINU`"' The EPA+DHA mix is biochemically and clinically distinct from icosapent ethyl'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001302-QINU`"' Renally cleared; accumulation in advanced CKD can produce neuromuscular and cardiac depression. Hypomagnesemia frequently co-exists with hypokalemia and is often the reason refractory potassium loss does not correct until magnesium is repleted. (1)

ADHD in children (6+), adolescents, and adults (FDA-approved 2021 for pediatric, 2022 for adult) (1) · Chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month), cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, strabismus, spasticity, cosmetic problems (1) · Hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Investigational for psychosis in other dementias and as augmentation for depression. (1) · Investigational for major depressive disorder; trials underway (phase 3 mixed results) (1) · Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2011) (1) · Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2013). Notable for evidence of cognitive benefit (processing speed) that distinguishes it from other antidepressants. (1) · Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015). '''Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer disease''' (FDA-approved May 2023, first agent specifically approved for this problem). Investigational for PTSD (combined with sertraline). (1) · Schizophrenia (FDA-approved Dec 2019). Bipolar depression as monotherapy or adjunct to lithium/valproate (FDA-approved Dec 2021). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001090-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001091-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BB-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001303-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001304-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001305-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001306-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001307-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001308-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001309-QINU`"' (1)

10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 34 mg PO once daily (1) · 4 g PO daily (as 4 x 1 g capsules once daily, or 2 capsules BID) (1) · 42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration) (1) · Chronic migraine (PREEMPT protocol): 155 units divided across 31 sites in 7 head/neck muscle groups every 12 weeks (1) · Oral: 1000-1500 mg elemental calcium/day in divided doses for supplementation; IV gluconate 1 g (4.65 mEq) over 5-10 min for hyperkalemia or symptomatic hypocalcemia (1) · Pediatric 6-11: 100 mg PO daily, titrate weekly to max 400 mg. Adolescent 12-17: 200 mg, max 400 mg. Adult: 200 mg, max 600 mg. (1) · Replacement oxide 400-800 mg/d in divided doses (high diarrhea rate); citrate 200-400 mg/d (better tolerated, better absorbed); IV sulfate 1-2 g over 5-60 minutes for hypomagnesemia or torsades; eclampsia 4-6 g IV loading then 1-2 g/h (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1) · Strongyloides 200 mcg/kg PO single dose; scabies 200 mcg/kg PO repeated at 7-14 days; onchocerciasis 150 mcg/kg q6-12 months (1) · Trials use 25 mg or 50 mg PO daily (1)

0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 1 g soft gelatin capsules containing ~465 mg EPA + ~375 mg DHA as ethyl esters (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets (1) · 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg extended-release capsules (can be sprinkled on food) (1) · 3 mg tablets (Stromectol); 0.5% topical lotion (Sklice); 1% topical cream (Soolantra) (1) · 42 mg capsules (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 50, 100, or 200 unit vials of lyophilized powder for reconstitution (1) · Carbonate 200, 400, 500, 600 mg elemental tablets and chewables; citrate 200, 250, 315 mg elemental; gluconate 1 g (94 mg elemental, 4.65 mEq) IV; chloride 1 g (270 mg elemental, 13.6 mEq) IV (1) · Investigational oral capsule (1) · Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules (1)

195 units/treatment for chronic migraine; max varies by problem (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 34 mg/d (1) · 4 g/d (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/d (pediatric); 600 mg/d (adult) (1) · 42 mg/d (1) · Indication-specific; renal clearance limits tolerable cumulative dosing (1) · Not yet approved (1) · Single 200-400 mcg/kg per dose for systemic indications (1) · ~2500 mg elemental/d combined diet + supplements (chronic; UL) (1)

Intramuscular (PREEMPT injections for migraine) (1) · IV (1) · IV (gluconate or chloride for acute use) (1) · Oral (11) · topical (1)

1–2 weeks for muscle effects; preventive migraine benefit accrues over 12-week cycles (1) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · Acute: minutes (IV); chronic: bone effect over months (1) · ADHD symptom improvement reported within 1-2 weeks (faster than atomoxetine which takes 4-6 weeks) (1) · Antipsychotic effect over weeks (1) · Benefit over weeks of dosing (1) · Hours to days (1) · Oral: hours; IV: minutes (1) · Rapid (within 1 week in trials) (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 2-4 weeks; max at 8 weeks (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

Search

Not formally established (1) · Not meaningfully described (electrolyte) (1) · Not meaningfully described (electrolyte; renally cleared) (1) · Not well characterized; tissue incorporation over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000051-QINU`"' (1) · Tissue half-life not formally measured; clinical effect ~12 weeks (1) · ~16-18 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001092-QINU`"' (1) · ~18 hours (terminal) (1) · ~25 hours (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1) · ~66 hours (1) · ~7 hours (1) · ~91 hours (1)

Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation (1) · Carbonate ~30-40% (best with food and acid); citrate ~24% (absorbable without acid; preferred in achlorhydria, PPI use, post-bariatric) (1) · Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12% (1) · Improved with food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · Limited but adequate; take with food (1) · Local (intramuscular) (1) · Not characterized; oral dosing once daily (1) · Oral bioavailability suitable for daily dosing (1) · ~60% (oral; substantially increased with high-fat meal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001093-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~95% (1)

Category C; limited data (1) · Investigational (1) · IV sulfate is the cornerstone of eclampsia/preeclampsia management; oral replacement also safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data (1) · Limited data; avoid (1) · Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available (1) · Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics (1) · Limited data; risk-benefit case by case; pregnancy is not a strict contraindication in WHO mass drug administration programs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; weigh benefits/risks (2) · Limited human data<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy; needs higher in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

Investigational (1) · OTC (oral salts) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1) · OTC (oral supplements) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1) · Rx (4) · Rx, '''not a controlled substance''' (no DEA scheduling) (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · Rx; black-box warning for distant spread of toxin effect (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (the veterinary preparations are not for human use) (1)