Drilldown: Medicines

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) · Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid) (1) · Magnesium (oxide, citrate, sulfate, hydroxide, gluconate, chloride salts) (1)

Folvite; mostly generic (1) · Mag-Ox, Slow-Mag, MagCitrate, Milk of Magnesia (hydroxide); IV sulfate generic (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1)

hydroxide)]] (1) · torsades)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (hydroxide)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (IV sulfate (1) · [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (2) · [[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]] (1) · [[:Category:Hematinics|Hematinic]] (2) · [[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative (citrate (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (2)

None (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001302-QINU`"' Renally cleared; accumulation in advanced CKD can produce neuromuscular and cardiac depression. Hypomagnesemia frequently co-exists with hypokalemia and is often the reason refractory potassium loss does not correct until magnesium is repleted. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-000005B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B6-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001303-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001304-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001305-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001306-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001307-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001308-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001309-QINU`"' (1)

0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · Replacement oxide 400-800 mg/d in divided doses (high diarrhea rate); citrate 200-400 mg/d (better tolerated, better absorbed); IV sulfate 1-2 g over 5-60 minutes for hypomagnesemia or torsades; eclampsia 4-6 g IV loading then 1-2 g/h (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1)

0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) · Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules (1)

1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · Indication-specific; renal clearance limits tolerable cumulative dosing (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1)

None · Oral · IV · topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · Subcutaneous · topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · sublingual · thigh · Inhaled · intra-articular · nebulized

Other values:

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Hematologic response within days (1) · Oral: hours; IV: minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

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Not meaningfully described (electrolyte; renally cleared) (1) · ~0.5 hours plasma; tissue retention longer (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1)

High (oral) (1) · Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12% (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1)

IV sulfate is the cornerstone of eclampsia/preeclampsia management; oral replacement also safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy and preconception to prevent neural tube defects.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (1 mg, injectable) in US (1) · OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) · OTC (oral salts) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1)