Drilldown: Medicines

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) · Ferrous sulfate (1) · Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid) (1) · Glipizide (1)

Feosol, Fer-In-Sol, Slow Fe; mostly generic and OTC (1) · Folvite; mostly generic (1) · Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1)

[[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (1) · [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (2) · [[:Category:Hematinics|Hematinic]] (3) · [[:Category:Insulin_secretagogues|Insulin secretagogue]] (1) · [[:Category:Iron_supplements|Iron supplement]] (1) · [[:Category:Sulfonylureas|Sulfonylurea (second-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (2)

None (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000002D7-QINU`"' Hypoglycemia is the central risk, especially in elderly and renally impaired patients (glipizide has shorter half-life than glyburide, which is one reason it is preferred in older adults). CYP2C9 substrate; weight gain typical. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-000002D8-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B6-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"' (1)

0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · 325 mg PO daily to TID (=65 mg elemental iron/tablet); alternate-day dosing is now favored by hepcidin physiology for better absorption with less GI burden (1) · 5 mg PO once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast; XL: 5 mg with breakfast (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1)

0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) · 325 mg tablets (65 mg elemental Fe); 220 mg/5 mL liquid (44 mg elemental Fe/5 mL); 142 mg/mL drops; OTC and Rx (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg immediate-release tablets; 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg extended-release tablets (1)

1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 40 mg/d (IR; doses >15 mg given as divided BID); 20 mg/d (XL) (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · ~200 mg elemental iron/d typical practical limit (1)

IM (2) · intranasal (1) · IV (2) · Oral (4) · SC (2) · sublingual (1)

Hematologic response within days (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · Reticulocyte response at 7-10 days; hemoglobin rise of ~1 g/dL per 3 weeks (1) · Within 30 minutes (IR) (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

Other values:

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2-5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000002D9-QINU`"' (1) · N/A (incorporated into hemoglobin and tissue stores) (1) · ~0.5 hours plasma; tissue retention longer (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1)

10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate) (1) · High (oral) (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · ~100% (oral; food delays absorption, hence pre-meal dosing for IR)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002DA-QINU`"' (1)

Avoid; switch to insulin. Hypoglycemia in newborn reported.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy and preconception to prevent neural tube defects.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Routinely used; iron requirements rise substantially in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (1 mg, injectable) in US (1) · OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) · OTC in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)