Drilldown: Medicines

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) · Lactulose (1)

Generic; huge OTC presence (1) · Kristalose, Constulose, Generlac, Enulose (1)

[[:Category:Antioxidants|Antioxidant]] (1) · [[:Category:Disaccharides|Non-absorbable disaccharide]] (1) · [[:Category:Hepatic_encephalopathy_treatments|Hepatic encephalopathy treatment]] (1) · [[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:Water-soluble_vitamins|Water-soluble vitamin]] (1)

None (2)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"' (1)

Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1)

10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1)

Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1)

None · Oral · IV · topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · subcutaneous · topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · sublingual · thigh · inhaled · SC · intra-articular

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Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1)

None · 24 hours · 4-6 hours · 12 hours · 6-8 hours · Daily dosing · 8-12 hours · 12-24 hours · Hours · Hours per application · 24 hours (HS dosing) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) · 24 h · N/A · N/A (replacement) · Variable · ~7-8 hours · 3-5 hours · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) · 6-12 hours

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Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1)

<3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1)

Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)