Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Alprazolam (1) · Amlodipine (1) · Dapagliflozin (1) · Esomeprazole (1) · Ezetimibe (1) · Flecainide (1) · Metoprolol (1) · Moxifloxacin (1) · Pantoprazole (1)

Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic) (1) · Dayvigo (1) · Farxiga (US), Forxiga (international) (1) · Lopressor (tartrate), Toprol XL (succinate) (1) · Nexium, Nexium 24HR (OTC) (1) · Norvasc, Katerzia (1) · Protonix (1) · Tambocor (US brand discontinued) (1) · Xanax (1) · Zetia (1)

Anxiolytic (1) · Benzodiazepine (1) · Beta Blocker (1) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (1) · Triazolobenzodiazepine (1) · [[:Category:Antianginals|Antianginal]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (Vaughan-Williams class IC)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1) · [[:Category:Antisecretory_agents|Gastric acid suppressant]] (2) · [[:Category:Calcium_channel_blockers|Calcium channel blocker]] (1) · [[:Category:Cholesterol_absorption_inhibitors|Cholesterol absorption inhibitor]] (1) · [[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Heart_failure_medications|Heart failure medication]] (1) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Proton_pump_inhibitors|Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)]] (2) · [[:Category:SGLT2_inhibitors|SGLT2 inhibitor]] (1)

None (2) · Cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist. Selectivity is dose-dependent and partially lost at higher doses. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) · GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000073-QINU`"' The long half-life gives smooth, once-daily BP control with low rebound. CYP3A4 substrate; pedal edema is the characteristic, dose-related, non-fluid-overload side effect'"`UNIQ--ref-00000074-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000117-QINU`"' Compared with omeprazole, pantoprazole has a more linear pharmacokinetic profile and is metabolized predominantly via CYP2C19 with CYP3A4 contribution; less CYP2C19-driven drug interaction with clopidogrel than omeprazole'"`UNIQ--ref-00000118-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E1-QINU`"' Like omeprazole, it is an acid-activated prodrug that covalently and irreversibly binds the H+/K+ ATPase. CYP2C19 PGx remains clinically relevant for both'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E2-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000113A-QINU`"' Concomitant β-blocker or CCB is required when used for AF to prevent 1:1 atrial flutter conduction (flecainide can slow atrial rate to a level where AV conduction allows dangerous ventricular rates). CYP2D6 substrate'"`UNIQ--ref-0000113B-QINU`"'. (1)

Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000075-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000076-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000077-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000119-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000011A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000011B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000011C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F9-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000054E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000054F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000550-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000551-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E7-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D80-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D81-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000113C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000113D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000113E-QINU`"' (1)

0.25 mg (1) · 10 mg PO once daily in the morning; 5 mg starting in heart failure (1) · 10 mg PO once daily, with or without food (1) · 2.5-5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 10 mg/d (1) · 20-40 mg PO once daily, 30-60 minutes before breakfast (1) · 25–50 mg BID (tartrate); 25–100 mg daily (succinate); 12.5 mg daily in HFrEF (1) · 40 mg PO or IV once daily (1) · 400 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · 50 mg PO BID; titrate to 100-200 mg BID; pill-in-pocket 200-300 mg PO single dose for AF conversion (1)

0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · 10 mg tablet; also as fixed-dose combinations with simvastatin (Vytorin) and atorvastatin (Liptruzet, withdrawn US 2015 but generics exist) (1) · 2.5, 5, 10 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · 20 mg, 40 mg delayed-release tablets; 40 mg IV vial; oral suspension 40 mg/packet (1) · 20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules; 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg oral suspension packets; 20, 40 mg IV (1) · 400 mg tablets; 400 mg/250 mL IV; 0.5% ophthalmic solution (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (2) · 50, 100, 150 mg tablets (1) · Tartrate: 25, 50, 100 mg tabs; 1 mg/mL IV. Succinate ER: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg. (1)

None · Indication-specific · 40 mg/d · 10 mg/d · 20 mg/d · 80 mg/d · 10 mg/d (adults) · 100 mg/d · 4 g/d · 400 mg/d · 40 mg/d typical; up to 240 mg/d for Zollinger-Ellison · 5 mg/d · 50 mg/d · 600 mg/d · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals · No fixed maximum; titrated to TSH target · TID per eye · Titrated to glucose; no fixed ceiling · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum · '''20 mg/day in adults >60 years''' per FDA's 2011-2012 QT-prolongation warning; 40 mg/day in adults ≤60

Other values:

Search

IV (4) · Oral (10) · topical ophthalmic (1)

1–2 h (PO); immediate (IV) (1) · 2-3 hours per dose; full acid suppression after 3-5 days (1) · 30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · Acid suppression within hours; full effect after 3-5 days of dosing (1) · AF conversion within hours of single PO dose (1) · BP effect within 24 hours; full effect at 1-2 weeks (long half-life) (1) · Glycosuria within hours; HbA1c effect at 12 weeks; CV/renal benefits over months (1) · Hours (1) · LDL lowering within 2 weeks (1) · ~30 min (1)

12 hours (1) · 24 hours (4) · 24+ hours (irreversible enzyme binding) (1) · 24-72 hours per dose (irreversible enzyme binding) (1) · 6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1) · 6–12 h (tartrate); 24 h (succinate) (1) · ~7-8 hours (1)

11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · 30-50 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000078-QINU`"' (1) · 3–7 h (1) · ~1 hour (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect persists 24+ hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000011D-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.5 hours (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect 24+ hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E8-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D82-QINU`"' (1) · ~12.9 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000552-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 hours (adults); longer in elderly and renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-0000113F-QINU`"' (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~22 hours (parent + active glucuronide)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000450-QINU`"' (1)

64-90% (oral; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000079-QINU`"' (1) · 80-90% oral (1) · Variable (oral; rapidly conjugated to active glucuronide; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000451-QINU`"' (1) · ~44% (1) · ~50% (1) · ~64-90% (oral; increases at higher doses and with multi-day dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E9-QINU`"' (1) · ~77% (oral; not affected by food or antacids)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000011E-QINU`"' (1) · ~78% (oral; high-fat meal modestly reduces but is not clinically significant)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000553-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001140-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"' (1)

'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Avoid in second and third trimesters; fetal SGLT2 inhibition disrupts kidney development.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Category C (1) · Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used in obstetric reflux.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; avoid (1) · Limited data; case series and registries suggest no major teratogenicity but other antihypertensives (labetalol, nifedipine) are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; generally avoided particularly in combination with statin.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Use in fetal SVT (transplacental antiarrhythmic therapy) is established; otherwise weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Widely used in obstetric reflux; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (20 mg, 14-day course) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher and longer durations) in US (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · Rx-only in US (1) · Schedule IV (US) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''Contraindicated in structural heart disease''' — CAST trial (1989) showed increased mortality from class IC agents in patients with prior MI; modern use is limited to structurally normal hearts'"`UNIQ--ref-00001141-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the same fluoroquinolone-class '''Boxed Warnings''' as ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D84-QINU`"' (1)