Drilldown: Medicines

None (3) · Bisoprolol (1) · Cetirizine (1) · Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV) (1) · Fluoxetine (1) · Loratadine (1) · Metoclopramide (1) · Montelukast (1) · Nebivolol (1) · Olmesartan (medoxomil) (1) · Prazosin (1) · Terazosin (1) · Vardenafil (1)

Belsomra (1) · Benicar (1) · Bystolic (1) · Claritin, Alavert, Tavist ND (1) · Hytrin (US brand discontinued); mostly generic (1) · Levitra, Staxyn (1) · Minipress (1) · Prozac (1) · Reglan, Gimoti (intranasal), Metozolv ODT (1) · Singulair (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Vasotec, Vasotec IV, Epaned (1) · Viibryd (1) · Zebeta (1) · Zyrtec, Zyrtec-D (1)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist (1) · Beta Blocker (2) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (1) · Multimodal antidepressant: SERT inhibitor + 5HT1A agonist + 5HT1B partial agonist + 5HT3/5HT7 antagonist (1) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:ACE_inhibitors|ACE inhibitor]] (1) · [[:Category:Alpha-1_blockers|Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker (non-selective)]] (1) · [[:Category:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers|Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiasthmatic_agents|Antiasthmatic]] (1) · [[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetic]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine]] (2) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (3) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:BPH_treatments|Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment]] (1) · [[:Category:Dopamine_D2_antagonists|Dopamine D2 antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist (second-generation)]] (2) · [[:Category:Leukotriene_receptor_antagonists|Leukotriene receptor antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic]] (1) · [[:Category:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)|SSRI]] (1)

None (6) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · Selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation; in the CNS, blunts noradrenergic hyperarousal thought to drive trauma-related nightmares. (1) · Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses). (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1) · TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000040-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000041-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000391-QINU`"' Minimal CYP metabolism; mostly renally cleared unchanged. Cetirizine is the active racemate; levocetirizine is the active R-enantiomer marketed separately'"`UNIQ--ref-00000392-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000061E-QINU`"' Less reliably anticholinergic than first-generation H1s; minimal antiemetic effect. Desloratadine (Clarinex) is the active enantiomer-of-metabolite version marketed as a Rx alternative. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111B-QINU`"' Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome is a recognized class effect. Recently emerging evidence (observational) suggests possible Parkinson's disease risk reduction via PGK1 binding — investigational and not a clinical indication'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111C-QINU`"'. (1)

Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2011) (1) · Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2013). Notable for evidence of cognitive benefit (processing speed) that distinguishes it from other antidepressants. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000042-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000043-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000044-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000015B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000015C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000015D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000393-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000394-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000395-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000056B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D2-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000061F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000620-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000669-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B81-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B82-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B83-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF8-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111E-QINU`"' (1)

1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN) (1) · 1 mg PO at bedtime to limit first-dose syncope; titrate weekly to 5-10 mg (1) · 10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (5 mg in older adults or if sedation occurs) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily in the evening (adults); 4-5 mg in children (1) · 10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 10 mg PO/IV/IM QID, '''not to exceed 12 weeks''' (tardive dyskinesia risk); intranasal Gimoti 15 mg BID (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/d after 2 weeks if needed (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1)

1, 2, 5 mg caps (1) · 1, 2, 5, 10 mg capsules and tablets (1) · 10 mg tablets; 4 mg, 5 mg chewables; 4 mg granules (1) · 10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter) (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg caps (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn) (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL solution; 5 mg/mL IV; 15 mg/spray intranasal (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1) · 5, 20, 40 mg tablets (1)

None · Indication-specific · 40 mg/d · 10 mg/d · 20 mg/d · 80 mg/d · 10 mg/d (adults) · 100 mg/d · 4 g/d · 400 mg/d · 40 mg/d typical; up to 240 mg/d for Zollinger-Ellison · 5 mg/d · 50 mg/d · 600 mg/d · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals · No fixed maximum; titrated to TSH target · TID per eye · Titrated to glucose; no fixed ceiling · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum · '''20 mg/day in adults >60 years''' per FDA's 2011-2012 QT-prolongation warning; 40 mg/day in adults ≤60

Other values:

Search

IM (1) · intranasal (1) · IV (2) · Oral (15)

None (1) · 1-3 hours (slower onset than cetirizine; symptom relief somewhat less) (1) · 1–2 h (2) · 30-60 minutes (1) · 30–90 min (1) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks (1) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; max at 2-3 weeks (1) · Bronchodilation within 1-2 hours; full controller effect 1-2 weeks (1) · IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · ~30 min (2)

12-24 hours (1) · 24 h (2) · 24 hours (5) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4–5 h (1) · 6–8 h (1) · Daily dosing (2) · Very long (1) · ~7-8 hours (1)

1–4 days (7–15 days for norfluoxetine) (1) · 2.7-5.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000015E-QINU`"' (1) · 2–3 h (1) · 4–5 h (1) · 5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EF9-QINU`"' (1) · 8-10 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000396-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 h (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~11 hours (enalaprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B84-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111F-QINU`"' (1) · ~13 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25 hours (1) · ~66 hours (1) · ~8 hours (parent); ~28 hours (desloratadine, the active metabolite, marketed separately as Clarinex)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000621-QINU`"' (1)

70–90% (oral) (1) · >90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"' (1) · ~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) · ~64% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000015F-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~80% (oral; reduced by significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFA-QINU`"' (1) · ~82% (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1)

'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056E-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"' (1) · Category B (1) · Category C (3) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-00000045-QINU`"' (1) · Generally considered safe; pregnancy registries do not show increased major malformation risk.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used. Levocetirizine (the R-enantiomer) is an alternative with similar safety.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; widely used. Loratadine and cetirizine are the most-recommended 2nd-gen H1s in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; avoid (1) · Limited data; weigh benefits/risks (2) · Widely used for hyperemesis gravidarum; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC in US (2) · Rx (2) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · Rx-only in US (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''FDA Boxed Warning (2020):''' neuropsychiatric events including agitation, depression, sleep disturbance, and suicidal thoughts; benefit-risk should be reassessed regularly'"`UNIQ--ref-00000160-QINU`"'. (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for '''tardive dyskinesia''' (irreversible movement disorder), driving the 12-week chronic-use limit'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFB-QINU`"' (1)