Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV) (1) · Flibanserin (1) · Fluoxetine (1) · Linaclotide (1) · Losartan (1) · Metoclopramide (1) · Nebivolol (1) · Olmesartan (medoxomil) (1) · Prazosin (1) · Sitagliptin (1)

Addyi (1) · Benicar (1) · Bystolic (1) · Cozaar (1) · Januvia; with metformin Janumet/Janumet XR (1) · Linzess (1) · Minipress (1) · Prozac (1) · Reglan, Gimoti (intranasal), Metozolv ODT (1) · Vasotec, Vasotec IV, Epaned (1) · Viibryd (1)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist (1) · Beta Blocker (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) · Multimodal serotonergic; HSDD treatment (1) · Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) (1) · [[:Category:ACE_inhibitors|ACE inhibitor]] (1) · [[:Category:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers|Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]] (2) · [[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetic]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (3) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:Dopamine_D2_antagonists|Dopamine D2 antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:DPP-4_inhibitors|DPP-4 inhibitor]] (1) · [[:Category:Guanylate_cyclase_C_agonists|Guanylate cyclase-C agonist]] (1) · [[:Category:IBS_treatments|IBS-C treatment]] (1) · [[:Category:Incretin_modulators|Incretin pathway modulator]] (1) · [[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic]] (1) · [[:Category:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)|SSRI]] (1)

None (4) · 5-HT1A agonist, 5-HT2A antagonist, with weaker activity at D4 and other receptors. Net effect involves enhanced prefrontal dopaminergic/noradrenergic tone with decreased serotonergic inhibition of sexual desire. (1) · Selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation; in the CNS, blunts noradrenergic hyperarousal thought to drive trauma-related nightmares. (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1) · TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000040-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000041-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000B6-QINU`"' Active metabolite EXP3174 is ~10-40-fold more potent than the parent and accounts for most of the antihypertensive effect; CYP2C9 polymorphism affects conversion'"`UNIQ--ref-000000B7-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000762-QINU`"' Largely renally cleared, hence the eGFR-tiered dosing. Rare but well-documented signals: acute pancreatitis (uncertain causal contribution), severe joint pain, and bullous pemphigoid (class effect, especially in older Asian patients)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000763-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001197-QINU`"' Extracellular cGMP separately activates submucosal sensory afferents in a way that reduces visceral pain perception, distinguishing linaclotide from purely osmotic laxatives in IBS-C. Diarrhea is the dose-limiting effect'"`UNIQ--ref-00001198-QINU`"'. (1)

Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2011) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000042-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000043-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000044-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000BB-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000002C1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000056B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D2-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000764-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B81-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B82-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B83-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF8-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001199-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000119A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000119B-QINU`"' (1)

1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN) (1) · 10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO/IV/IM QID, '''not to exceed 12 weeks''' (tardive dyskinesia risk); intranasal Gimoti 15 mg BID (1) · 100 mg at bedtime daily (1) · 100 mg PO once daily (50 mg if CrCl 30-44; 25 mg if <30 or dialysis) (1) · 145 mcg PO once daily for chronic idiopathic constipation; 290 mcg daily for IBS-C; pediatric 72 mcg daily (1) · 20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/d after 2 weeks if needed (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · 50 mg PO daily (25 mg in volume depletion or hepatic impairment) (1)

1, 2, 5 mg caps (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg caps (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 100 mg tabs (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets (1) · 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; combination tablets with metformin (1) · 5, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL solution; 5 mg/mL IV; 15 mg/spray intranasal (1) · 5, 20, 40 mg tablets (1) · 72, 145, 290 mcg capsules (1)

None · Indication-specific · 40 mg/d · 10 mg/d · 20 mg/d · 80 mg/d · 10 mg/d (adults) · 100 mg/d · 4 g/d · 400 mg/d · 40 mg/d typical; up to 240 mg/d for Zollinger-Ellison · 5 mg/d · 50 mg/d · 600 mg/d · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals · No fixed maximum; titrated to TSH target · TID per eye · Titrated to glucose; no fixed ceiling · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum · '''20 mg/day in adults >60 years''' per FDA's 2011-2012 QT-prolongation warning; 40 mg/day in adults ≤60

Other values:

Search

IM (1) · intranasal (1) · IV (2) · Oral (11)

None (1) · 1–2 h (1) · 30–90 min (1) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · Bowel movement within 1 week; abdominal pain improvement over weeks (1) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; antihypertensive peak 3-6 weeks (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; max at 2-3 weeks (1) · Effects accumulate over weeks; assess at 8 weeks (1) · IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes (1) · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks (1)

12-24 hours (1) · 24 h (1) · 24 hours (4) · 4-6 hours (1) · 6–8 h (1) · Continuous daily dosing (1) · Daily dosing (1) · Very long (1)

1–4 days (7–15 days for norfluoxetine) (1) · 2 hours (parent); 6-9 hours for active carboxylic acid metabolite EXP3174'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BC-QINU`"' (1) · 2–3 h (1) · 5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EF9-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (negligible systemic absorption — the drug acts locally and is degraded in the GI tract)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000119C-QINU`"' (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~11 h (1) · ~11 hours (enalaprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B84-QINU`"' (1) · ~12.4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000765-QINU`"' (1) · ~13 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25 hours (1)

70–90% (oral) (1) · Negligible systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000119D-QINU`"' (1) · ~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (1) · ~33% (extensive first-pass via CYP2C9 and CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BD-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~80% (oral; reduced by significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFA-QINU`"' (1) · ~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000766-QINU`"' (1)

'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BE-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056E-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"' (1) · Category C (2) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-00000045-QINU`"' (1) · Limited data; minimal systemic absorption likely renders fetal risk low.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; weigh benefits/risks (1) · Not indicated; pregnancy effects unknown (1) · Widely used for hyperemesis gravidarum; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

Rx (1) · Rx-only in US (2) · Rx-only in US (REMS program) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (5) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' contraindicating use in children <2 years (lethal dehydration in animal studies)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000119E-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for '''tardive dyskinesia''' (irreversible movement disorder), driving the 12-week chronic-use limit'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFB-QINU`"' (1)