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: 20 mg/d

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None (2) · 2C-B (1) · Artemisia absinthium (1) · Atropa belladonna (1) · Banisteriopsis caapi (1) · Bisoprolol (1) · Black Drink (1) · Brugmansia (1) · Chocolate (1) · Coffee (1) · Dexmethylphenidate (1) · Duloxetine (1) · Guarana (1) · Haloperidol (1) · Hyoscyamus niger (1) · Kola (1) · LSD (1) · Mandragora officinarum (1) · Mescal Bean (1) · Methylphenidate (1) · Nutmeg (1) · Tea (1) · Terazosin (1) · Vardenafil (1) · Yerba mate (1)

''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) · ''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · ''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) · ''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) · ''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) · ''Myristica fragrans''. Mace (the fruit aril) (1) · ''Paullinia cupana'' (1) · ''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) · ''Theobroma cacao'' (1) · Belsomra (1) · Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) · Deadly nightshade (1) · Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) · Focalin, Focalin XR (1) · Haldol, Serenace, Haldol Decanoate (1) · Henbane, black henbane (1) · Hytrin (US brand discontinued); mostly generic (1) · Levitra, Staxyn (1) · Mandrake (1) · Nexus, Eroxan (historical, late-1980s through mid-1990s) (1) · Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1) · The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1) · Zebeta (1)

2C-x series (1) · Antidepressant (1) · Antiemetic (1) · Anxiolytic (1) · Beta Blocker (1) · Caffeine plant (7) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Classic Psychedelic (1) · CNS stimulant (1) · Daimonica (4) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (1) · Empathogenica (1) · Ergoline (1) · Excitantia (7) · Lysergamide (1) · MAOI (1) · Multimodal antidepressant: SERT inhibitor + 5HT1A agonist + 5HT1B partial agonist + 5HT3/5HT7 antagonist (1) · NDRI (2) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · Phantastica (2) · Phenethylamine (1) · Plant Med (1) · Plant Medicine (14) · Psychedelic (1) · Psychostimulant (2) · Rhapsodica (1) · SNRI (1) · the first approved (1) · Tropane alkaloid plant (4) · Typical antipsychotic (1) · Xanthine (1) · [[:Category:Alpha-1_blockers|Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker (non-selective)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1) · [[:Category:BPH_treatments|Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment]] (1)

None (1) · 5-HT2A partial agonist (2) · Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) · Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis). (1) · Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) · Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) · Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) · Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) · High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist (1) · Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) · Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) · Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) · Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses). (1) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111B-QINU`"' Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome is a recognized class effect. Recently emerging evidence (observational) suggests possible Parkinson's disease risk reduction via PGK1 binding — investigational and not a clinical indication'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111C-QINU`"'. (1)

None (17) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 1 mg PO at bedtime to limit first-dose syncope; titrate weekly to 5-10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)

None (6) · 1, 2, 5, 10 mg capsules and tablets (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn) (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (12) · 15–30 min (1) · 1–2 h (1) · 20–60 min (oral) (1) · 30–60 min (1) · 30–60 minutes (1) · 45-75 min (oral) (1) · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · PO 1–2 h; IM 30–60 min; IV 5–20 min (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · ~15–30 min (1) · ~30 min (2)

None (12) · 12–24 h (oral); decanoate IM 3–4 weeks (1) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 24 h (1) · 24 hours (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 4-8 h (1) · 4–5 h (1) · 8–12 hours (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · Daily dosing (1) · IR 3–5 h; LA/SR 6–8 h; Concerta 10–12 h; Daytrana ~9 h wear time (1) · IR 4–6 h; XR 8–12 h (1) · ~7-8 hours (1)

None (13) · 14–26 h (oral); ~3 weeks (decanoate) (1) · 2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) · 2–3 h (parent compound) (1) · 3–5 hours (1) · 4–5 h (1) · 9–12 h (1) · Not well characterized (1) · ~12 hours (2) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111F-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2) · ~66 hours (1)

None (14) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · >90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"' (1) · Not well characterized (1) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~22–25% (1) · ~30% (high first-pass) (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1) · ~60–70% (oral) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~82% (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (14) · Category B (1) · Category C (4) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Limited data; avoid (1) · Limited data; weigh benefits/risks (1) · Not established (2) · Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion. (1)

None (12) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Rx (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · Rx-only (2) · Rx-only in US (2) · Schedule I (United States) (1) · Schedule II (2) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)