Drilldown: Medicines
Medicines > fda max 
:
4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) or
None
& routes:
Oral
:
4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) or
None
& routes:
Oral Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
None (1) ·
2C-B (1) ·
Artemisia absinthium (1) ·
Atropa belladonna (1) ·
Banisteriopsis caapi (1) ·
Black Drink (1) ·
Brugmansia (1) ·
Chocolate (1) ·
Coffee (1) ·
Dexmethylphenidate (1) ·
Duloxetine (1) ·
Guarana (1) ·
Haloperidol (1) ·
Hyoscyamus niger (1) ·
Kola (1) ·
LSD (1) ·
Mandragora officinarum (1) ·
Mescal Bean (1) ·
Methylphenidate (1) ·
Nutmeg (1) ·
Tea (1) ·
Yerba mate (1)
brand:
''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) ·
''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) ·
''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) ·
''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) ·
''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) ·
''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) ·
''Myristica fragrans''. Mace (the fruit aril) (1) ·
''Paullinia cupana'' (1) ·
''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) ·
''Theobroma cacao'' (1) ·
Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) ·
Deadly nightshade (1) ·
Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) ·
Focalin, Focalin XR (1) ·
Haldol, Serenace, Haldol Decanoate (1) ·
Henbane, black henbane (1) ·
Mandrake (1) ·
Nexus, Eroxan (historical, late-1980s through mid-1990s) (1) ·
Rexulti (1) ·
Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1) ·
The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) ·
Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1)
classes:
2C-x series (1) ·
5HT1A activity than aripiprazole (1) ·
5HT2A (1) ·
Antidepressant (1) ·
Antiemetic (1) ·
Anxiolytic (1) ·
Atypical antipsychotic (1) ·
Caffeine plant (7) ·
Classic Psychedelic (1) ·
CNS stimulant (1) ·
D2/5HT1A partial agonist with stronger α1A (1) ·
Daimonica (4) ·
Empathogenica (1) ·
Ergoline (1) ·
Excitantia (7) ·
Lysergamide (1) ·
MAOI (1) ·
NDRI (2) ·
Phantastica (2) ·
Phenethylamine (1) ·
Plant Med (1) ·
Plant Medicine (14) ·
Psychedelic (1) ·
Psychostimulant (2) ·
Rhapsodica (1) ·
SNRI (1) ·
Tropane alkaloid plant (4) ·
Typical antipsychotic (1) ·
Xanthine (1)
mechanism:
5-HT2A partial agonist (2) ·
Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) ·
Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis). (1) ·
Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) ·
High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1) ·
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) ·
Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1)
uses:
None (2) ·
ADHD, narcolepsy (1) ·
Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) ·
Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015). '''Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer disease''' (FDA-approved May 2023, first agent specifically approved for this problem). Investigational for PTSD (combined with sertraline). (1) ·
Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, agitation, delirium, Tourette syndrome, severe nausea (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (5) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000150-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000151-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (17) ·
0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) ·
A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) ·
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) ·
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1) ·
Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1)
preparations:
None (6) ·
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) ·
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) ·
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) ·
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) ·
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max: (Click arrow to add another value)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
None (12) ·
15–30 min (1) ·
20–60 min (oral) (1) ·
30–60 min (1) ·
30–60 minutes (1) ·
45-75 min (oral) (1) ·
Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) ·
PO 1–2 h; IM 30–60 min; IV 5–20 min (1) ·
Slow, 2–6 h (1) ·
Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1) ·
~15–30 min (1)
duration:
halflife:
bioavailability:
pregnancy:
None (14) ·
Category C (3) ·
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) ·
Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available (1) ·
Not established (2) ·
Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion. (1)
Showing below up to 22 results in range #1 to #22.