Drilldown: Medicines
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generic:
None (1) ·
2C-B (1) ·
Artemisia absinthium (1) ·
Atropa belladonna (1) ·
Banisteriopsis caapi (1) ·
Black Drink (1) ·
Brugmansia (1) ·
Chocolate (1) ·
Coffee (1) ·
Dexmethylphenidate (1) ·
Duloxetine (1) ·
Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV) (1) ·
Fluoxetine (1) ·
Guarana (1) ·
Haloperidol (1) ·
Hyoscyamus niger (1) ·
Kola (1) ·
LSD (1) ·
Mandragora officinarum (1) ·
Mescal Bean (1) ·
Methylphenidate (1) ·
Metoclopramide (1) ·
Nebivolol (1) ·
Nutmeg (1) ·
Olmesartan (medoxomil) (1) ·
Prazosin (1) ·
Tea (1) ·
Yerba mate (1)
brand:
''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) ·
''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) ·
''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) ·
''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) ·
''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) ·
''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) ·
''Myristica fragrans''. Mace (the fruit aril) (1) ·
''Paullinia cupana'' (1) ·
''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) ·
''Theobroma cacao'' (1) ·
Benicar (1) ·
Bystolic (1) ·
Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) ·
Deadly nightshade (1) ·
Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) ·
Focalin, Focalin XR (1) ·
Haldol, Serenace, Haldol Decanoate (1) ·
Henbane, black henbane (1) ·
Mandrake (1) ·
Minipress (1) ·
Nexus, Eroxan (historical, late-1980s through mid-1990s) (1) ·
Prozac (1) ·
Reglan, Gimoti (intranasal), Metozolv ODT (1) ·
Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1) ·
The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) ·
Vasotec, Vasotec IV, Epaned (1) ·
Viibryd (1) ·
Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1)
classes:
2C-x series (1) ·
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist (1) ·
Antidepressant (1) ·
Antiemetic (1) ·
Anxiolytic (1) ·
Beta Blocker (1) ·
Caffeine plant (7) ·
Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) ·
Classic Psychedelic (1) ·
CNS stimulant (1) ·
Daimonica (4) ·
Empathogenica (1) ·
Ergoline (1) ·
Excitantia (7) ·
Lysergamide (1) ·
MAOI (1) ·
NDRI (2) ·
Phantastica (2) ·
Phenethylamine (1) ·
Plant Med (1) ·
Plant Medicine (14) ·
Psychedelic (1) ·
Psychostimulant (2) ·
Rhapsodica (1) ·
Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) (1) ·
SNRI (1) ·
Tropane alkaloid plant (4) ·
Typical antipsychotic (1) ·
Xanthine (1) ·
[[:Category:ACE_inhibitors|ACE inhibitor]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers|Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (2) ·
[[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Dopamine_D2_antagonists|Dopamine D2 antagonist]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)|SSRI]] (1)
mechanism:
None (4) ·
5-HT2A partial agonist (2) ·
Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) ·
Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis). (1) ·
Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) ·
High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1) ·
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation; in the CNS, blunts noradrenergic hyperarousal thought to drive trauma-related nightmares. (1) ·
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) ·
The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1) ·
TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000040-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000041-QINU`"' (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1)
uses:
None (2) ·
ADHD, narcolepsy (1) ·
Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) ·
Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2011) (1) ·
Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, agitation, delirium, Tourette syndrome, severe nausea (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (5) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000042-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000043-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000044-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000150-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000151-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000056B-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D2-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B81-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B82-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B83-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF8-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (17) ·
0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) ·
1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN) (1) ·
10 mg (1) ·
10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) ·
10 mg PO/IV/IM QID, '''not to exceed 12 weeks''' (tardive dyskinesia risk); intranasal Gimoti 15 mg BID (1) ·
20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/d after 2 weeks if needed (1) ·
5 mg daily (1) ·
5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) ·
A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) ·
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) ·
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)
preparations:
None (6) ·
1, 2, 5 mg caps (1) ·
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg caps (1) ·
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) ·
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) ·
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) ·
5, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL solution; 5 mg/mL IV; 15 mg/spray intranasal (1) ·
5, 20, 40 mg tablets (1) ·
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) ·
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) ·
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) ·
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max: (Click arrow to add another value)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
None (13) ·
15–30 min (1) ·
1–2 h (1) ·
20–60 min (oral) (1) ·
30–60 min (1) ·
30–60 minutes (1) ·
30–90 min (1) ·
4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) ·
45-75 min (oral) (1) ·
BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) ·
BP effect 1-2 weeks; max at 2-3 weeks (1) ·
IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes (1) ·
Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) ·
PO 1–2 h; IM 30–60 min; IV 5–20 min (1) ·
Slow, 2–6 h (1) ·
~15–30 min (1)
duration:
None (12) ·
12-24 hours (1) ·
12–24 h (oral); decanoate IM 3–4 weeks (1) ·
12–24 h or longer (1) ·
24 h (1) ·
24 hours (1) ·
3–4 h (1) ·
3–5 h (subjective) (1) ·
4-6 hours (1) ·
4-8 h (1) ·
6–8 h (1) ·
8–12 hours (1) ·
Chronic daily dosing (1) ·
Daily dosing (1) ·
IR 3–5 h; LA/SR 6–8 h; Concerta 10–12 h; Daytrana ~9 h wear time (1) ·
IR 4–6 h; XR 8–12 h (1) ·
Very long (1)
halflife:
None (13) ·
14–26 h (oral); ~3 weeks (decanoate) (1) ·
1–4 days (7–15 days for norfluoxetine) (1) ·
2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) ·
2–3 h (1) ·
2–3 h (parent compound) (1) ·
3–5 hours (1) ·
5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EF9-QINU`"' (1) ·
Not well characterized (1) ·
~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) ·
~11 hours (enalaprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B84-QINU`"' (1) ·
~12 hours (1) ·
~13 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056C-QINU`"' (1) ·
~25 hours (1) ·
~5 h (caffeine) (2)
bioavailability:
None (14) ·
70–90% (oral) (2) ·
Not well characterized (1) ·
~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) ·
~22–25% (1) ·
~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"' (1) ·
~30% (high first-pass) (1) ·
~50% (highly variable) (1) ·
~60% (1) ·
~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) ·
~60–70% (oral) (1) ·
~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) ·
~80% (oral; reduced by significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFA-QINU`"' (1) ·
~99% (caffeine) (1)
pregnancy:
None (14) ·
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056E-QINU`"' (1) ·
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"' (1) ·
Category C (5) ·
Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-00000045-QINU`"' (1) ·
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) ·
Limited data; weigh benefits/risks (1) ·
Not established (2) ·
Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion. (1) ·
Widely used for hyperemesis gravidarum; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
None (12) ·
Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) ·
Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) ·
Rx (1) ·
Rx-only (2) ·
Rx-only in US (2) ·
Schedule I (United States) (1) ·
Schedule II (2) ·
Unrestricted (food) (1) ·
[[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for '''tardive dyskinesia''' (irreversible movement disorder), driving the 12-week chronic-use limit'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFB-QINU`"' (1)
Showing below up to 28 results in range #1 to #28.