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Medicines > fda max : 600 mg/d or Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing & routes: Oral

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generic:
Cefdinir (1) · Lactulose (1)
brand:
Kristalose, Constulose, Generlac, Enulose (1) · Omnicef (discontinued in US under brand); mostly generic (1)
classes:
[[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (third-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Disaccharides|Non-absorbable disaccharide]] (1) · [[:Category:Hepatic_encephalopathy_treatments|Hepatic encephalopathy treatment]] (1) · [[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative]] (1)
mechanism:
None (2)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-000009DF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E3-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
300 mg PO BID, or 600 mg PO once daily, ×5-10 days; pediatric 14 mg/kg/d (1) · Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1)
preparations:
10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · 300 mg capsules; 125, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1)
fda max: (Click arrow to add another value)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · Hours (1)
duration:
12-24 hours (1) · Hours (1)
halflife:
Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1) · ~1.7 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E4-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"' (1) · <3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2)

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