Drilldown: Medicines
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
2C-B (1) ·
Artemisia absinthium (1) ·
Atropa belladonna (1) ·
Banisteriopsis caapi (1) ·
Black Drink (1) ·
Brugmansia (1) ·
Chocolate (1) ·
Coffee (1) ·
Dexmethylphenidate (1) ·
Duloxetine (1) ·
Guarana (1) ·
Haloperidol (1) ·
Hyoscyamus niger (1) ·
Kola (1) ·
Levothyroxine (1) ·
LSD (1) ·
Mandragora officinarum (1) ·
Mescal Bean (1) ·
Methylphenidate (1) ·
Nutmeg (1) ·
Tea (1) ·
Thyroid (desiccated) (1) ·
Yerba mate (1)
brand:
''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) ·
''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) ·
''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) ·
''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) ·
''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) ·
''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) ·
''Myristica fragrans''. Mace (the fruit aril) (1) ·
''Paullinia cupana'' (1) ·
''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) ·
''Theobroma cacao'' (1) ·
Armour Thyroid, NP Thyroid, Nature-Throid, WP Thyroid (1) ·
Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) ·
Deadly nightshade (1) ·
Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) ·
Focalin, Focalin XR (1) ·
Haldol, Serenace, Haldol Decanoate (1) ·
Henbane, black henbane (1) ·
Mandrake (1) ·
Nexus, Eroxan (historical, late-1980s through mid-1990s) (1) ·
Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1) ·
Synthroid, Levoxyl, Tirosint, Unithroid, Euthyrox (1) ·
The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) ·
Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1)
classes:
2C-x series (1) ·
Antidepressant (1) ·
Antiemetic (1) ·
Anxiolytic (1) ·
Caffeine plant (7) ·
Classic Psychedelic (1) ·
CNS stimulant (1) ·
Daimonica (4) ·
Empathogenica (1) ·
Ergoline (1) ·
Excitantia (7) ·
Lysergamide (1) ·
MAOI (1) ·
NDRI (2) ·
Phantastica (2) ·
Phenethylamine (1) ·
Plant Med (1) ·
Plant Medicine (14) ·
Psychedelic (1) ·
Psychostimulant (2) ·
Rhapsodica (1) ·
SNRI (1) ·
Tropane alkaloid plant (4) ·
Typical antipsychotic (1) ·
Xanthine (1) ·
[[:Category:Hormone_replacement|Hormone replacement]] (2) ·
[[:Category:Thyroid_hormones|Thyroid hormone]] (2)
mechanism:
5-HT2A partial agonist (2) ·
Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) ·
Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis). (1) ·
Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) ·
High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1) ·
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) ·
Synthetic T4 (thyroxine); peripherally deiodinated to T3 (triiodothyronine), the active hormone. '"`UNIQ--vote-00000031-QINU`"' Narrow therapeutic index; brand-to-generic switches can shift TSH and require re-titration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000032-QINU`"'. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) ·
Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000032-QINU`"' Brand-to-brand and lot-to-lot variability in T3:T4 ratio is greater than with synthetic levothyroxine, which is why endocrine guidelines prefer the synthetic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000033-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
None (2) ·
ADHD, narcolepsy (1) ·
Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) ·
Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, agitation, delirium, Tourette syndrome, severe nausea (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (5) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000033-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000034-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000035-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000034-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000035-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000150-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000151-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (17) ·
0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) ·
1.6 mcg/kg/d in young healthy adults; 25-50 mcg/d in elderly or cardiac disease, titrated by TSH at 6-8 weeks (1) ·
30 mg PO daily (1/2 grain); titrate by TSH at 6-8 weeks; 60 mg desiccated thyroid is approximately equivalent to 88-100 mcg levothyroxine (1) ·
A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) ·
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) ·
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)
preparations:
None (6) ·
15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg tablets (1/4 to 5 grains; 1 grain = 60 mg) (1) ·
25, 50, 75, 88, 100, 112, 125, 137, 150, 175, 200, 300 mcg tablets; oral capsule and IV/IM also available (1) ·
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) ·
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) ·
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) ·
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max: (Click arrow to add another value)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
None (12) ·
15–30 min (1) ·
20–60 min (oral) (1) ·
30–60 min (1) ·
30–60 minutes (1) ·
45-75 min (oral) (1) ·
Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) ·
PO 1–2 h; IM 30–60 min; IV 5–20 min (1) ·
Slow, 2–6 h (1) ·
TSH normalization 4-8 weeks (1) ·
TSH normalization 4-8 weeks; symptomatic improvement weeks to months (1) ·
~15–30 min (1)
duration:
None (12) ·
12–24 h (oral); decanoate IM 3–4 weeks (1) ·
12–24 h or longer (1) ·
3–4 h (1) ·
3–5 h (subjective) (1) ·
4-8 h (1) ·
8–12 hours (1) ·
Chronic daily dosing (1) ·
IR 3–5 h; LA/SR 6–8 h; Concerta 10–12 h; Daytrana ~9 h wear time (1) ·
IR 4–6 h; XR 8–12 h (1) ·
Steady-state at 4-6 weeks (2)
halflife:
None (13) ·
14–26 h (oral); ~3 weeks (decanoate) (1) ·
2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) ·
2–3 h (parent compound) (1) ·
3–5 hours (1) ·
Not well characterized (1) ·
T4 ~7 days; T3 ~1 day'"`UNIQ--ref-00000036-QINU`"' (1) ·
~12 hours (1) ·
~5 h (caffeine) (2) ·
~7 days (euthyroid); longer in hypothyroidism (~9-10 days), shorter in hyperthyroidism'"`UNIQ--ref-00000036-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (14) ·
40-80% (oral); reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs, fiber; take fasting with water'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"' (1) ·
70–90% (oral) (1) ·
Not well characterized (1) ·
Variable; reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"' (1) ·
~22–25% (1) ·
~30% (high first-pass) (1) ·
~50% (highly variable) (1) ·
~60–70% (oral) (1) ·
~99% (caffeine) (1)
pregnancy:
None (14) ·
Category C (3) ·
First-line in pregnancy; dose typically increased 25-30% due to estrogen-driven rise in TBG and fetal demand. Lactation safe at physiologic doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) ·
Not established (2) ·
Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion. (1) ·
Synthetic levothyroxine is the standard-of-care in pregnancy; desiccated thyroid use in pregnancy is not well studied<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
None (12) ·
Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) ·
Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) ·
Rx-only (2) ·
Schedule I (United States) (1) ·
Schedule II (2) ·
Unrestricted (food) (1) ·
[[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2)
Showing below up to 23 results in range #1 to #23.