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Medicines > generic: Magnesium (oxide, citrate, sulfate, hydroxide, gluconate, chloride salts) & fda max: Indication-specific; renal clearance limits tolerable cumulative dosing

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generic: (Click arrow to add another value)
brand:
Mag-Ox, Slow-Mag, MagCitrate, Milk of Magnesia (hydroxide); IV sulfate generic (1)
classes:
hydroxide)]] (1) · torsades)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (hydroxide)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (IV sulfate (1) · [[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]] (1) · [[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative (citrate (1)
mechanism:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001302-QINU`"' Renally cleared; accumulation in advanced CKD can produce neuromuscular and cardiac depression. Hypomagnesemia frequently co-exists with hypokalemia and is often the reason refractory potassium loss does not correct until magnesium is repleted. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001303-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001304-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001305-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001306-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001307-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001308-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001309-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
Replacement oxide 400-800 mg/d in divided doses (high diarrhea rate); citrate 200-400 mg/d (better tolerated, better absorbed); IV sulfate 1-2 g over 5-60 minutes for hypomagnesemia or torsades; eclampsia 4-6 g IV loading then 1-2 g/h (1)
preparations:
Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules (1)
fda max: (Click arrow to add another value)
routes:
IV (1) · Oral (1)
onset:
Oral: hours; IV: minutes (1)
duration:
Variable (1)
halflife:
Not meaningfully described (electrolyte; renally cleared) (1)
bioavailability:
Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12% (1)
pregnancy:
IV sulfate is the cornerstone of eclampsia/preeclampsia management; oral replacement also safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
OTC (oral salts) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1)

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