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Choose a table:
Medicines (732)
Medicines
> generic
:
1P-LSD
or
Testosterone
&
pregnancy:
Limited data
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
Codeine
·
1,4-Butanediol
·
1B-LSD
·
1cP-LSD
· 1P-LSD ·
1V-LSD
·
2-AI
·
2-FA
·
2-FDCK
·
2-FMA
·
25B-NBOH
·
25B-NBOMe
·
25C-NBOH
·
25C-NBOMe
·
25I-NBOH
·
25I-NBOMe
·
25N-NBOMe
·
2C-B
·
2C-B-FLY
Other values:
2C-C
2C-D
2C-E
2C-I
2C-P
2C-T-2
2C-T-7
3,4-CTMP
3-FA
3-FMA
3-HO-PCE
3-HO-PCP
3-MMC
3-MeO-PCE
3-MeO-PCP
4-AcO-DET
4-AcO-DMT
4-AcO-DiPT
4-AcO-MET
4-AcO-MiPT
4-FA
4-FMA
4-HO-DET
4-HO-DPT
4-HO-DiPT
4-HO-EPT
4-HO-MET
4-HO-MiPT
4-MeO-PCP
4F-EPH
4F-MPH
5,6-MDO-DMT
5-APB
5-HTP
5-MAPB
5-MeO-DALT
5-MeO-DMT
5-MeO-DiPT
5-MeO-MiPT
5F-AKB48
5F-PB-22
6-APB
6-APDB
7-Hydroxymitragynine
AB-FUBINACA
AL-LAD
ALD-52
APICA
Acacia confusa
Acamprosate
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP)
Acetylfentanyl
Acyclovir
Adalimumab
Adrafinil
Agomelatine
Albuterol
Alendronate
Alfentanil
Allopurinol
Allylescaline
Almotriptan
Alprazolam
Amanita muscaria
Amantadine
Amiodarone
Amitriptyline (hydrochloride)
Amlodipine
Amobarbital
Amoxapine
Amoxicillin
Anadenanthera colubrina
Anadenanthera peregrina
Anastrozole
Aniracetam
Apixaban
Apomorphine
Aripiprazole
Armodafinil
Artemisia absinthium
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Asenapine
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA)
Atenolol
Atogepant
Atomoxetine
Atorvastatin
Atropa belladonna
Atropine
Avanafil
Ayahuasca
Azelastine
Azithromycin
Baclofen
Baeocystin
Banisteriopsis caapi
Benazepril
Benzocaine
Benzonatate
Benztropine
Benzydamine
Betamethasone (valerate, dipropionate, sodium phosphate, acetate)
Betel
Bimatoprost
Biperiden
Bisacodyl
Bisoprolol
Black Drink
Blue lotus
Brimonidine
Brivaracetam
Bromantane
Bromazepam
Bromazolam
Bromo-DragonFLY
Bromocriptine
Brompheniramine
Brugmansia
Budesonide
Bufo alvarius
Bufotenin
Bumetanide
Bupivacaine
Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine / Naloxone
Bupropion
Bupropion / Naltrexone
Buspirone
Butalbital
Butalbital / Acetaminophen / Caffeine
Butalbital / Aspirin / Caffeine
Butorphanol
Butylone
Cabergoline
Caffeine
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)
Calcium (carbonate, citrate, gluconate, chloride salts)
Calea zacatechichi
Cannabidiol
Cannabigerol
Cannabinol
Carbamazepine
Carbidopa/levodopa
Carfentanil
Carisoprodol
Carvedilol
Cathinone
Cefdinir
Cefuroxime (axetil oral, sodium IV)
Celecoxib
Cenobamate
Cephalexin
Cetirizine
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)
Chloroform
Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorthalidone
Chlorzoxazone
Chocolate
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
Ciclopirox
Ciprofloxacin
Citalopram
Clindamycin
Clobazam
Clobetasol propionate
Clomipramine
Clonazepam
Clonazolam
Clonidine
Clopidogrel
Clorazepate
Clotrimazole
Clozapine
Coca
Cocaine
Codeine / Acetaminophen
Coffee
Colchicine
Coluracetam
Curare
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Cyclazodone
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclosporine (ciclosporin)
Cyproheptadine (hydrochloride)
DET
DMT
DOB
DOC
DOI
DOM
DPT
Dapagliflozin
Datura
Delta-10-THC
Delta-8-THC
Deschloroetizolam
Deschloroketamine
Desflurane
Desipramine
Desomorphine
Desoxypipradrol
Desvenlafaxine (succinate)
Dexamethasone
Dexmedetomidine
Dexmethylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan / Quinidine
Dextropropoxyphene
Dextrorphan
DiPT
Diacetylmorphine
Diazepam
Diclazepam
Diclofenac (sodium, potassium, epolamine; multiple salt forms)
Dicyclomine
Diethyl ether
Dihydrocodeine
Dihydroergotamine
Diltiazem
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine (hydrochloride; citrate)
Diphenidine
Disulfiram
Docusate (sodium or calcium)
Donepezil
Dorzolamide
Doxazosin
Doxepin (hydrochloride)
Doxycycline
Doxylamine
Dronabinol
Droperidol
Dulaglutide
Duloxetine
Dutasteride
EPT
ETH-LAD
Eletriptan
Empagliflozin
Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV)
Entacapone
Ephedrine
Ephenidine
Ephylone
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)
Ergotamine
Erythromycin
Escaline
Escitalopram
Eslicarbazepine
Esmolol
Esomeprazole
Estazolam
Estradiol (17β-estradiol)
Eszopiclone
Ethcathinone
Ethchlorvynol
Ethosuximide
Ethylmorphine
Ethylone
Ethylphenidate
Eticyclidine
Etizolam
Etodolac
Etomidate
Evolocumab
Exenatide
Ezetimibe
F-Phenibut
Famotidine
Felbamate
Fenethylline
Fenfluramine
Fenofibrate
Fentanyl
Ferrous sulfate
Fexofenadine
Finasteride
Flecainide
Flibanserin
Flualprazolam
Flubromazepam
Flubromazolam
Fluconazole
Flunitrazepam
Flunitrazolam
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Fluoxetine
Fluphenazine
Flurazepam
Fluticasone
Fluvoxamine (maleate)
Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid)
Fosphenytoin
Frovatriptan
Furosemide
GBL
GHB
Gabapentin
Gaboxadol
Galantamine
Glimepiride
Glipizide
Glutethimide
Guaifenesin
Guanfacine
Guarana
HHC
Haloperidol
Halothane
Harmaline
Harmine
Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
Hexedrone
Hydralazine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrocodone
Hydrocortisone (cortisol)
Hydromorphone
Hydroquinone
Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxyzine (hydrochloride; pamoate salt)
Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamus niger
Iboga
Ibogaine
Ibotenic acid
Ibuprofen
Icosapent ethyl (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, EPA-EE)
Iloperidone
Imipramine
Indomethacin
Insulin aspart
Insulin degludec
Insulin detemir
Insulin glargine
Insulin lispro
Ipratropium bromide
Irbesartan
Isocarboxazid
Isoflurane
Isopropylphenidate
Isosorbide (dinitrate, mononitrate)
Ivermectin
JWH-018
JWH-073
Kava
Ketoconazole
Ketorolac (tromethamine)
Ketotifen
Khat
Kola
Kratom
L-Theanine
LSA
LSD
LSH
LSZ
Labetalol
Lacosamide
Lactated Ringer's solution
Lactulose
Lamotrigine
Lasmiditan
Latanoprost
Levetiracetam
Levocetirizine
Levodopa
Levofloxacin
Levomilnacipran
Levorphanol
Levothyroxine
Lidocaine (hydrochloride)
Linaclotide
Linagliptin
Liothyronine (T3, triiodothyronine sodium)
Liraglutide
Lisdexamfetamine (dimesylate)
Lisinopril
Lixisenatide
Lofexidine
Loperamide
Loratadine
Lorazepam
Lormetazepam
Losartan
Lovastatin
Loxapine
Lurasidone
MDA
MDAI
MDEA
MDMA
MDPV
MET
Magnesium (oxide, citrate, sulfate, hydroxide, gluconate, chloride salts)
Mandragora officinarum
Maprotiline
Meclizine
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)
Meloxicam
Memantine
Memantine ER / Donepezil
Meperidine
Mephedrone
Meprobamate
Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA)
Mescal Bean
Metaxalone
Metformin
Methadone
Methallylescaline
Methamphetamine
Methaqualone
Methcathinone
Methimazole (thiamazole)
Methiopropamine
Methocarbamol
Methohexital
Methotrexate
Methoxetamine
Methylnaphthidate
Methylone
Methylphenidate
Methylprednisolone
Metizolam
Metoclopramide
Metoprolol
Metronidazole
Mexedrone
MiPLA
MiPT
Midazolam
Milnacipran
Mimosa hostilis
Mirabegron
Mirtazapine
Mitragynine
Mixed amphetamine salts
Moclobemide
Modafinil
Molindone
Mometasone furoate
Montelukast
Morning Glory
Morphine (sulfate)
Moxifloxacin
Mupirocin
Muscimol
Myristicin
N-Ethylhexedrone
N-Ethylpentedrone
NM-2-AI
Nabilone
Nabiximols
Nabumetone
Nadolol
Nalbuphine
Nalmefene
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Naproxen (sodium; free acid)
Naratriptan
Nebivolol
Nefazodone
Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3)
Nicotine
Nifedipine
Nifoxipam
Nitrazepam
Nitrofurantoin
Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN)
Nitromethaqualone
Nitrous oxide
Noopept
Norethindrone (norethisterone outside US)
Nortriptyline (hydrochloride)
Nutmeg
Nystatin
O-Desmethyltramadol
O-PCE
Ofloxacin
Olanzapine
Olanzapine / Fluoxetine
Olmesartan (medoxomil)
Olopatadine
Omega-3-acid ethyl esters
Omeprazole
Ondansetron
Opicapone
Orphenadrine
Oseltamivir
Oxazepam
Oxcarbazepine
Oxiracetam
Oxybutynin
Oxycodone (hydrochloride)
Oxycodone / Acetaminophen
Oxycodone / Aspirin
Oxymorphone
PMA
PMMA
PRO-LAD
Paliperidone
Pantoprazole
Papaverine
Paracetamol
Paroxetine (HCl; mesylate as Pexeva)
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin; potassium, sodium, benzathine, procaine salts)
Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin)
Pentazocine
Pentedrone
Pentobarbital
Perampanel
Perphenazine
Peyote
Phalaris arundinaceae
Phenazopyridine
Phencyclidine
Phenelzine
Phenethylamine
Phenibut
Phenobarbital
Phentermine
Phenylpiracetam
Phenytoin
Pimozide
Pioglitazone
Piracetam
Piroxicam
Polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350)
Polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes
Potassium chloride
Pramipexole
Pramiracetam
Pravastatin
Prazosin
Prednisolone (and prednisolone sodium phosphate, acetate, etc.)
Prednisone
Pregabalin
Primidone
Procaine
Prochlorperazine
Progesterone (micronized)
Prolintane
Promethazine (hydrochloride)
Propofol
Propranolol
Propylhexedrine
Proscaline
Protriptyline
Pseudoephedrine (hydrochloride; sulfate)
Psilocin
Psilocybin
Psilocybin mushrooms
Psychotria viridis
Pyrazolam
Quazepam
Quetiapine
RTI-111
Ramelteon
Ramipril
Rasagiline
Reboxetine
Remifentanil
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Rimegepant
Risperidone
Rivaroxaban
Rivastigmine
Rizatriptan (benzoate)
Ropinirole
Ropivacaine
Rosuvastatin
Rotigotine
Rufinamide
STS-135
Safinamide
Salvia divinorum
Salvinorin A
San Pedro cactus
Scopolamine
Secobarbital
Selegiline
Semaglutide
Semax
Sertraline
Sevoflurane
Sildenafil
Simvastatin
Sitagliptin
Sodium Oxybate
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium chloride
Sodium fluoride
Solifenacin
Sotalol
Spironolactone
Stiripentol
Sucralfate
Sufentanil
Sumatriptan (succinate)
Sumatriptan / Naproxen
Syrian rue
THC
THCP
THJ-018
THJ-2201
TMA-2
Tadalafil
Tamsulosin
Tapentadol
Tasimelteon
Tea
Telmisartan
Temazepam
Terazosin
Terbinafine
Testosterone
Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Tetrahydroharmine
Theacrine
Thebaine
Theophylline
Thiopental
Thioridazine
Thiothixene
Thyroid (desiccated)
Tiagabine
Tianeptine
Ticagrelor
Timolol (maleate)
Tiotropium
Tirzepatide
Tizanidine
Tobramycin
Tolcapone
Topiramate
Torsemide
Tramadol
Tramadol / Acetaminophen
Tranylcypromine
Trazodone
Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA)
Triamcinolone (acetonide and other esters)
Triazolam
Trifluoperazine
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimipramine
U-47700
Ubrogepant
Valacyclovir
Valproate (valproic acid, divalproex sodium, sodium valproate)
Valproic acid
Valsartan
Vardenafil
Varenicline
Venlafaxine
Verapamil
Vigabatrin
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; mixed natural and synthetic forms)
Warfarin
Xenon
Yerba mate
Yopo
Zaleplon
Ziprasidone
Zolmitriptan
Zolpidem (tartrate)
Zonisamide
Zopiclone
aMT
alpha-PHP
alpha-PVP
ketamine
lithium
mCPP
mescaline
opium
Search
brand:
(There are no values for this filter)
classes:
(There are no values for this filter)
mechanism:
(There are no values for this filter)
uses:
(There are no values for this filter)
starting dose:
(There are no values for this filter)
preparations:
(There are no values for this filter)
fda max:
(There are no values for this filter)
routes:
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onset:
(There are no values for this filter)
duration:
(There are no values for this filter)
halflife:
(There are no values for this filter)
bioavailability:
(There are no values for this filter)
pregnancy:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
Category C
·
Limited data; avoid
·
Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
· Limited data ·
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"'
·
Category B
·
Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Limited data; weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Avoid in second and third trimesters; fetal SGLT2 inhibition disrupts kidney development.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Avoid where possible; class concerns as for other loop diuretics.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Generally considered safe due to minimal systemic absorption.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
·
Generally considered safe; minimal systemic exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Other values:
'''Among the least preferred SSRIs in pregnancy.''' Observational signal for cardiac malformations (atrial and ventricular septal defects) with first-trimester exposure, and the most severe neonatal adaptation syndrome of any SSRI with third-trimester exposure'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002D-QINU`"'
'''Among the safest antihypertensives in pregnancy''', recommended for chronic hypertension during pregnancy and first-line for severe hypertension in preeclampsia and eclampsia'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
'''Among the safest mood stabilizers in pregnancy''' with reassuring monotherapy registry data, in sharp contrast to valproate. Estrogen-containing contraceptives accelerate lamotrigine metabolism, requiring dose adjustments at start and stop of contraception'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
'''Avoid at term (38-42 weeks) and during labor''' (risk of neonatal hemolytic anemia, especially with G6PD deficiency); generally safe in earlier pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern); use only when benefit clearly outweighs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
'''Considered one of the safest anticonvulsants in pregnancy''', with reassuring monotherapy registry data comparable to lamotrigine and in sharp contrast to valproate, topiramate, and carbamazepine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated for migraine prophylaxis in pregnancy; high teratogenic risk''' (neural tube defects, craniofacial anomalies, cardiac defects, cognitive/IQ impairment); avoid in women of childbearing potential without reliable contraception when alternatives exist'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097E-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (Category X); abortifacient and teratogenic. Discontinuation 3-6 months before conception is standard.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BE-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CF-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056E-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000844-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AF0-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005B-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A24-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"'
'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C34-QINU`"'
'''Documented fetal growth restriction with chronic exposure'''; avoid in pregnancy if alternative β-blockers are appropriate. The β-blocker most consistently associated with intrauterine growth concerns'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
'''Pregnant individuals should not handle crushed/broken tablets''' (skin absorption risk); can cause hypospadias in male fetus. Not used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
'''Pregnant individuals should not handle dutasteride capsules''' (skin absorption risk through intact capsule); can cause hypospadias in male fetus.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
'''Substantial teratogenic risk''' including cleft lip/palate, hypospadias, and growth restriction (pregnancy registry data clear); effective contraception and pre-pregnancy counseling are required in reproductive-age patients'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
'''Substantial teratogenic risk''' including neural tube defects, craniofacial malformations, cardiac defects, and growth restriction; folic acid supplementation and effective contraception are required in reproductive-age patients'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"'
Aminoglycoside-class ototoxicity in fetal cochlea is documented; use only when alternatives have failed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid after 20 weeks (NSAID-class FDA 2020 advisory on fetal renal injury and oligohydramnios with second/third-trimester use).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid after 20 weeks (NSAID-class FDA 2020 advisory).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"'
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning; contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure, which is paradoxically the basis of the neonatal PDA-closure indication)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"'
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning; contraindicated from 30 weeks. Specifically contraindicated in labor and delivery due to inhibition of uterine contractions'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
Avoid in pregnancy; antiandrogen effects can feminize a male fetus.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid in pregnancy; switch to LMWH. Crosses placenta; warfarin-class concerns about fetal hemorrhage and teratogenicity make heparins the preferred class.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid where possible; can reduce uteroplacental perfusion and produce neonatal electrolyte disturbance. Reserved for compelling indications.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case.
Avoid. Discontinue at least 1 month before planned pregnancy. Animal data show embryofetal harm.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005B-QINU`"'
Avoid. Discontinue before planned pregnancy.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EF-QINU`"'
Avoid. Discontinue before planned pregnancy.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018C-QINU`"'
Avoid. Discontinue ≥1 month pre-conception. May reduce oral contraceptive efficacy during titration.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000304-QINU`"'
Avoid; NSAID-class restriction after 20 weeks (FDA 2020) and limited triptan pregnancy data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid; aspirin teratogenicity concerns plus opioid neonatal withdrawal.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid; may cause fetal harm
Avoid; neonatal opioid withdrawal documented.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated.
Avoid; switch to insulin. Hypoglycemia in newborn reported.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoid; switch to insulin. Neonatal hypoglycemia reported.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoided where possible; same class concerns as HCTZ.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Avoided; barbiturate + aspirin teratogenicity and bleeding concerns.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Category C (buprenorphine-only formulations preferred in pregnancy)
Category C (not relevant; not used in women)
Category C (per Desoxyn label)
Category C; limited data
Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-00000045-QINU`"'
Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008F-QINU`"'
Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"'
Category X, contraindicated; teratogenic (virilization of female fetus)
Contraindicated in known pregnancy (Aygestin); the 0.35 mg POP is not teratogenic and does not need to be discontinued before conception planning.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Contraindicated in known pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Contraindicated in pregnancy (FDA label).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Contraindicated in pregnancy (only used in postmenopausal women); D class historically.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Contraindicated in pregnancy (use is not appropriate during gestation; class label X). Lactation considerations vary by indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Contraindicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Discontinued/withdrawn
Extensive use experience in obstetric anesthesia; broadly considered safe'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
First-line in pregnancy; dose typically increased 25-30% due to estrogen-driven rise in TBG and fetal demand. Lactation safe at physiologic doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally avoided in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally avoided; barbiturate exposure in late pregnancy can produce neonatal withdrawal and respiratory depression.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally avoided; fetal goiter/hypothyroidism risk (iodine load). Used only for life-threatening arrhythmia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally avoided; not first-line.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered acceptable for short-term use.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered acceptable.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe after the first trimester; first-trimester use weighed against indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe at standard doses; benefits typically outweigh in active IBD.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe in pregnancy (no systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; commonly used in pregnancy when macrolide indicated.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; commonly used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; loratadine and cetirizine have more pregnancy data and are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; pregnancy registries do not show increased major malformation risk.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used in PCOS and gestational diabetes; placental transfer occurs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used in obstetric reflux.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used. Cetirizine and loratadine remain the more-studied alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used. Cleared in lactation at low levels.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used. Levocetirizine (the R-enantiomer) is an alternative with similar safety.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used. Loratadine and cetirizine are the most-recommended 2nd-gen H1s in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally safe at replacement doses; treat the underlying cause of hypokalemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Generally used when influenza treatment is indicated; pregnancy is a recognized risk factor for severe influenza.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
IV sulfate is the cornerstone of eclampsia/preeclampsia management; oral replacement also safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Inhaled and intranasal generally considered safe; widely used in asthma in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; aspart is widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; degludec has reassuring observational data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; glargine has reassuring observational data, though NPH and detemir remain the traditional choices.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; lispro is widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Intranasal long considered acceptable; widely used in obstetric rhinitis.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Investigational
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed)
Limited data; LABA/LAMA strategies in pregnancy generally favor agents with the most reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available
Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics
Limited data; alternative antihypertensives generally preferred. Crosses placenta.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; avoid in pregnancy. Lactation: present in milk; consider risks
Limited data; case series and registries suggest no major teratogenicity but other antihypertensives (labetalol, nifedipine) are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; fluoxetine has reassuring data but olanzapine carries metabolic-syndrome and gestational diabetes signals.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; generally avoided in pregnancy for the cosmetic indication of onychomycosis.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; generally avoided particularly in combination with statin.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; generally avoided unless triglyceride pancreatitis risk is high.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; labetalol/nifedipine generally preferred. Crosses placenta.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; minimal systemic absorption likely renders fetal risk low.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; not first-line in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; pitolisant may reduce hormonal contraceptive efficacy
Limited data; pregnancy exposure registry available
Limited data; quinidine has been used in pregnancy as antiarrhythmic.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; rarely indicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; risk-benefit case by case; pregnancy is not a strict contraindication in WHO mass drug administration programs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; second-line to intranasal corticosteroids or PO loratadine/cetirizine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; weigh against alternatives (aspirin) where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; weigh against alternatives, though systemic exposure is low.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited data; weigh benefits/risks
Limited human data. Animal studies show fetal effects at maternally toxic doses; use only if benefits justify the potential risk.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; animal reproductive studies not conducted<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; endogenous hormone, but supplemental pharmacological doses are not well characterized in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; observational signals inconclusive.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience and no clear teratogenic signal.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience; some signal for first-trimester exposure but not conclusive.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; pregnancy registry data have been broadly reassuring across the triptan class.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; pregnancy registry data have been broadly reassuring relative to baseline malformation rates.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; rarely indicated in pregnancy given the patient population.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; rarely indicated in pregnancy given the typical patient population.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; signal for neonatal extrapyramidal symptoms and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; some animal cardiac signal not clearly replicated in human cohort studies; observational signals inconclusive.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; some observational signals reassuring relative to other antidepressants.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; some signal for cardiac malformations and developmental delay but confounded by maternal disease and polytherapy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; some signal for cleft palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; the amphetamine class is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal withdrawal symptoms.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data; β-blocker class effects include fetal growth restriction and neonatal bradycardia/hypoglycemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited human data<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited safety data; weigh benefit individually.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Limited use in pregnancy; chronic third-trimester opioid exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Long the preferred ICS in pregnancy (Pulmicort) due to the most pregnancy data among the class.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Long the preferred analgesic-antipyretic in pregnancy; recent observational studies have raised speculative neurodevelopmental signals that remain under investigation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Long-considered safe in pregnancy for lupus and other rheumatologic indications; benefits typically outweigh.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Long-term skeletal retention is a concern given the unknown effect on developing fetal bone; generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Low-dose (81 mg) safe and indicated for preeclampsia prophylaxis after 12 weeks in high-risk patients per USPSTF; high-dose aspirin avoid third trimester due to premature ductus arteriosus closure and bleeding risk
Medicine is structurally identical to endogenous allopregnanolone; pregnancy considerations relate to breastfeeding during/after infusion. Limited data; brief interruption of breastfeeding considered
Not absorbed; generally considered acceptable when bowel prep is required<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Not applicable (male indication); historical Category B if used in unrelated female cases.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Not established
Not indicated; pregnancy effects unknown
Not relevant (geriatric problem)
Not studied in human pregnancy; no approved clinical use in any population
Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with late-pregnancy exposure (SNRI class effect).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with late-pregnancy exposure; weigh against the risks of untreated maternal depression.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with third-trimester exposure (SSRI class effect).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Observational signal for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (small absolute risk) and neonatal adaptation syndrome with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Older agent with substantial use experience but limited controlled data; case reports of neonatal sedation and transient hypertension with maternal use near term.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Older agent with substantial use experience, including in hyperemesis gravidarum; broadly reassuring observational data'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
Older agent with substantial use experience; broadly considered safe in pregnancy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"'
Older agent with substantial use experience; observational signals not clearly causal.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Older agent with substantial use experience; observational signals reassuring for first-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
One of the better-studied basal insulin analogs in pregnancy; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
One of the historically preferred IV agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy alongside labetalol and nifedipine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Oral nifedipine is one of the preferred agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy and for tocolysis in preterm labor.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Penicillin G is the only fully effective syphilis treatment in pregnancy; penicillin-allergic pregnant patients require desensitization.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Pharmacologic doses generally avoided in pregnancy; vitamin doses fine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Preferred SABA in pregnancy; benefits of asthma control outweigh limited risks.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion.
Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Quetiapine has reassuring active-comparator cohort data without consistent teratogenic signal; among the preferred neuroleptics when treatment is clinically necessary in pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full citation set.
Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021. Use individualized.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021. Use individualized; lactation generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Routine antacid and acidosis correction acceptable
Routinely supplemented in pregnancy and preconception to prevent neural tube defects.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Routinely supplemented in pregnancy; needs higher in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Routinely used; iron requirements rise substantially in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Safe at replacement doses; deficiency is itself a risk in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Safe at replacement doses; high-dose use generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Safe at routine fluoride levels.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Signal for gestational diabetes and metabolic syndrome with maternal exposure; the metabolic load can be substantial during pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Signal for neonatal extrapyramidal symptoms and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Some controversial signal for first-trimester gastroschisis association in observational studies; limited use is generally considered acceptable after the first trimester.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Some signal for cleft lip/palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Some signal for cleft palate with first-trimester exposure (debated); neonatal sedation and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Some signal for major congenital malformations; limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Standard fluid and electrolyte management
Standard resuscitation fluid in pregnancy
Substantial teratogenic signal (barbiturate class effects including neonatal withdrawal and hemorrhagic disease of newborn).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Synthetic levothyroxine is the standard-of-care in pregnancy; desiccated thyroid use in pregnancy is not well studied<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
T4 (levothyroxine) is the first-line in pregnancy; T3 is rarely needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
TCA class signal; limited human data specific to doxepin.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
TCA class signal; limited human data specific to nortriptyline.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Teratogenic signal less than carbamazepine but present; folate supplementation and effective contraception are appropriate in reproductive-age patients'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
Topical and vaginal generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Topical corticosteroids in pregnancy: use lowest potency and smallest area; super-potent agents like clobetasol are reserved for compelling indications.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Topical generally safe; oral avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Topical/intranasal generally low-risk; intra-articular and high-dose injection: weigh risk individually.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Topical: avoid; systemic: contraindicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Use in fetal SVT (transplacental antiarrhythmic therapy) is established; otherwise weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Use when benefits outweigh; small association with oral clefts debated.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Use when benefits outweigh; small association with oral clefts in first trimester debated.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Use when benefits outweigh; widely used at physiologic doses for adrenal insufficiency.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used in FMF in pregnancy; otherwise weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used in antenatal lung maturation (24-34 weeks gestation; 6 mg IM q12h × 4 doses); broader use weighs benefits against fetal HPA suppression.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used in life-threatening obstetric anaphylaxis without hesitation; benefits clearly outweigh.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used in obstetric emergencies (uterine relaxation, severe hypertension) when needed; otherwise limited routine use.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used in transplant pregnancy when continued immunosuppression is required; reassuring data overall but careful monitoring needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used when benefits outweigh risk; oral cleft signal in first-trimester exposure is debated and small in absolute terms.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Used when needed for hypoparathyroidism or renal osteodystrophy in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Widely used for hyperemesis gravidarum; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Widely used in obstetric reflux; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Widely used in pregnancy for HSV/VZV indications; reassuring registry data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Widely used in pregnancy when antiviral indicated; reassuring registry data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
Widely used in pregnancy; meta-analyses do not show increased malformation risk.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
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