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Medicines > generic : 2-AI or Codeine or Ketotifen

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generic: (Click arrow to add another value)
brand:
None (2) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)
classes:
Analgesic (2) · Opioid (2) · Prodrug (1) · Research material (1) · Stimulant (1) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (1) · [[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]] (1)
mechanism:
Alpha-methylated amphetamine analogue; norepinephrine releasing agent (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
None (2) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (2) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1)
preparations:
None (2) · 0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (2) · 1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 360 mg/day (1)
routes:
None (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · Topical ophthalmic (1)
onset:
None (2) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Within minutes (1)
duration:
None (2) · 4–6 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (1)
halflife:
None (2) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (2) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)
pregnancy:
None (2) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (2) · OTC in US (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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