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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > generic : Codeine or Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

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generic: (Click arrow to add another value)
brand:
None (1) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Many generics/OTC (1)
classes:
Analgesic (2) · Opioid (2) · Prodrug (1) · [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1)
mechanism:
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)
uses:
None (1) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1)
preparations:
None (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (1) · 360 mg/day (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1)
routes:
None (1) · IV (rare) (1) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (1) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1)
duration:
None (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · N/A (1)
halflife:
None (1) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1)
bioavailability:
None (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1)
pregnancy:
None (1) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (1) · OTC in US (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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