Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Duloxetine (1) · Methocarbamol (1) · Sodium Oxybate (1)

Belsomra (1) · Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) · Robaxin (oral, injectable) (1) · Xyrem; Xywav (lower-sodium formulation with Ca/Mg/K salts) (1)

Antidepressant (1) · Anxiolytic (1) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (1) · GABAB Agonist; Endogenous GHB receptor agonist (1) · SNRI (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Skeletal muscle relaxants|Skeletal muscle relaxant (centrally-acting)]] (1)

None (1) · Agonist at the metabotropic GABAB receptor and the endogenous γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor. Produces deep sleep with increased slow-wave architecture, suppression of REM intrusion, and cataplexy reduction. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1)

Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000717-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000718-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000719-QINU`"' (1)

None (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 2.25 g at bedtime + 2.25 g 2.5–4 h later; titrate weekly to 6–9 g/night total (1) · Oral: 1500 mg PO QID for 2-3 days (load), then 750-1500 mg QID maintenance. IV/IM: 1000 mg every 8 hours for acute spasm (1)

None (1) · 0.5 g/mL oral solution (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · Tablets 500, 750 mg; injection 100 mg/mL (1)

None (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 8 g/day (oral, short-term load); 6 g/day (chronic) (1) · 9 g/night (1)

intramuscular (1) · intravenous (1) · Oral (3) · Oral (must be taken in bed; effects within minutes) (1)

15–30 min (fasting) (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · ~30 min (1) · ~30 minutes (oral) (1)

4-6 hours (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · ~3 h per dose (twice-nightly schedule required) (1) · ~7-8 hours (1)

None · ~12 hours · ~27 days · ~5 h (caffeine) · '''Autoinduction''': 25-65 hours initially, falling to 12-17 hours after 2-3 weeks of dosing as carbamazepine induces its own CYP3A4 metabolism. Major clinical implication: doses require re-titration after the autoinduction period'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' · 0.5-1.5 hours (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect persists 24+ hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DE-QINU`"' · 1-1.3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001A1-QINU`"' · 1-1.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DE3-QINU`"' · 1-2 hours (parent compound)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' · 1-2 hours (parent); 18-30 hours for active metabolite oxypurinol'"`UNIQ--ref-0000030F-QINU`"' · 1-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' · 1-3 days acute, 4-6 days chronic; 4-16 days for norfluoxetine'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004C-QINU`"' · 1-3 hours (normal liver); markedly prolonged in overdose with glutathione depletion'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' · 1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' · 1.4 hours (parent); 13-24 hours for active metabolite canrenone'"`UNIQ--ref-00000354-QINU`"' · 1.5-2 hours (longer in renal failure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000222-QINU`"' · 1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' · 10-11 hours (benazeprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A22-QINU`"' · 11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) · 11-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000842-QINU`"'

Other values:

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~100% (oral; near-complete absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (high first-pass) (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1) · ~82% (1)

Category C (2) · Limited data; avoid (1) · Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · Rx-only (1) · Schedule III; REMS-restricted (Schedule I if outside the pharmaceutical channel, same molecule as illicit GHB) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, distinguishing it from carisoprodol which is Schedule IV'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1)