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Medicines > halflife : 1.5-2 hours (longer in renal failure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000222-QINU`"' or ~4 h or ~5 h (caffeine)

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generic:
Coffee (1) · Furosemide (1) · Sildenafil (1) · Tea (1)
brand:
''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · Lasix (1) · Viagra, Revatio (1)
classes:
Caffeine plant (2) · Excitantia (2) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · Plant Medicine (2) · Xanthine (1) · [[:Category:Diuretics|Diuretic]] (1) · [[:Category:Loop_diuretics|Loop diuretic]] (1)
mechanism:
None (1) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) · Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), preventing cGMP breakdown in vascular smooth muscle. In the corpus cavernosum, potentiates the NO/cGMP cascade triggered by sexual stimulation. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000220-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000221-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000705-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000706-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
20-40 mg PO/IV; titrate by clinical response. In diuretic-resistant heart failure or CKD, doses to 200 mg or higher may be needed (1) · 50 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH) (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)
preparations:
20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL oral solution; 10 mg/mL IV (1) · 25, 50, 100 mg tabs (Viagra); 20 mg tabs and 10 mg/mL oral suspension (Revatio) (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1)
fda max:
None (2) · 100 mg/d (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH) (1) · 600 mg/d typical practical ceiling in heart failure (1)
routes:
IM (1) · IV (1) · IV (Revatio) (1) · Oral (4)
onset:
15–30 min (1) · 30–60 min (1) · IV: 5 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · ~15–30 min (1)
duration:
3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · IV: ~2 hours; PO: 6-8 hours (1) · ~4 h (1)
halflife: (Click arrow to add another value)
bioavailability:
None (1) · ~40% (1) · ~50% (oral; highly variable, 10-100%, hence the standard 1:2 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000223-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)
pregnancy:
None (1) · Avoid where possible; can reduce uteroplacental perfusion and produce neonatal electrolyte disturbance. Reserved for compelling indications.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Category B (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1)
legal:
None (1) · Rx-only in US (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)
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