Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Codeine (1) · Duloxetine (1) · Irbesartan (1)

(multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Avapro (1) · Belsomra (1) · Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1)

Analgesic (1) · Antidepressant (1) · Anxiolytic (1) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (1) · Opioid (1) · Prodrug (1) · SNRI (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers|Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1)

Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000083E-QINU`"' CYP2C9 substrate; no clinically active metabolites. The IDNT trial established renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy independent of BP lowering, contributing to the ARB class indication in T2DM with proteinuria'"`UNIQ--ref-0000083F-QINU`"'. (1)

Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000840-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000841-QINU`"' (1)

None (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 150 mg PO once daily; titrate to 300 mg if needed (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)

None (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg tablets (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 300 mg/d (1) · 360 mg/day (1)

Oral (3) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

30–60 min (PO) (1) · BP effect within 1-2 weeks (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · ~30 min (1)

24 hours (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · ~7-8 hours (1)

None · ~12 hours · ~27 days · ~5 h (caffeine) · '''Autoinduction''': 25-65 hours initially, falling to 12-17 hours after 2-3 weeks of dosing as carbamazepine induces its own CYP3A4 metabolism. Major clinical implication: doses require re-titration after the autoinduction period'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' · 0.5-1.5 hours (plasma); pharmacodynamic effect persists 24+ hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DE-QINU`"' · 1-1.3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001A1-QINU`"' · 1-1.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DE3-QINU`"' · 1-2 hours (parent compound)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' · 1-2 hours (parent); 18-30 hours for active metabolite oxypurinol'"`UNIQ--ref-0000030F-QINU`"' · 1-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' · 1-3 days acute, 4-6 days chronic; 4-16 days for norfluoxetine'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004C-QINU`"' · 1-3 hours (normal liver); markedly prolonged in overdose with glutathione depletion'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' · 1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' · 1.4 hours (parent); 13-24 hours for active metabolite canrenone'"`UNIQ--ref-00000354-QINU`"' · 1.5-2 hours (longer in renal failure)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000222-QINU`"' · 1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' · 10-11 hours (benazeprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A22-QINU`"' · 11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) · 11-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000842-QINU`"'

Other values:

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60-80% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000843-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~82% (1)

'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000844-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Category C (1) · Limited data; avoid (1)

Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · Rx-only (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)