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Medicines > legal : Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled or OTC in US or [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US

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generic:
brand:
classes:
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (22) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (10) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (7) · [[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]] (6) · [[:Category:Antianginals|Antianginal]] (6) · [[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]] (6) · [[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (6) · [[:Category:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers|Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]] (5) · [[:Category:BPH_treatments|Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment]] (5) · [[:Category:Immunosuppressants|Immunosuppressant]] (5) · [[:Category:Statins|Statin]] (5) · [[:Category:ACE_inhibitors|ACE inhibitor]] (4) · [[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine]] (4) · [[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]] (4) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist (second-generation)]] (4) · [[:Category:Insulins|Insulin]] (4) · [[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]] (4)
mechanism:
None (88)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000014-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (2)
starting dose:
None (2) · ~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose (2)
preparations:
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets (2) · 5, 10 mg tablets (2) · 5, 10, 20, 40 mg tablets (2)
fda max:
Indication-specific (6) · 80 mg/d (5) · 10 mg/d (3) · 4 g/d (3) · 40 mg/d (3) · 10 mg/d (adults) (2) · 100 mg/d (2) · 5 mg/d (2) · 600 mg/d (2) · No fixed maximum; titrated to TSH target (2) · TID per eye (2) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed ceiling (2)
routes:
Oral (111) · IV (30) · IM (12) · Topical (11) · rectal (5) · Subcutaneous (5) · Topical ophthalmic (5) · intranasal (4) · ophthalmic (4) · vaginal (4) · transdermal (3) · Inhaled (MDI (2) · intra-articular (2) · intramuscular (2) · intravenous (2) · intravitreal (2) · nebulized) (2) · Subcutaneous (never IV; not for use in insulin pumps) (2)
onset:
Hours (10) · 30-60 minutes (5) · 1-2 hours (4) · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks (3) · None (2) · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks (2) · BP effect within 1-2 weeks (2) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (2) · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose (2) · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks (2)
duration:
24 hours (35) · 8-12 hours (5) · 12 hours (4) · 12-24 hours (4) · 4-6 hours (4) · 6-8 hours (4) · Hours (4) · Hours per application (3) · N/A (3) · Steady-state at 4-6 weeks (2)
halflife:
bioavailability:
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (2) · ~100% from subcutaneous depot (2)
pregnancy:
None (11) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (7) · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (3) · Avoid in second and third trimesters; fetal SGLT2 inhibition disrupts kidney development.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Avoid where possible; class concerns as for other loop diuretics.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited data; weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited human data; rarely indicated in pregnancy given the patient population.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited human data; β-blocker class effects include fetal growth restriction and neonatal bradycardia/hypoglycemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2)
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