Drilldown: Medicines
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) ·
Atropa belladonna (1) ·
Bisacodyl (1) ·
Cetirizine (1) ·
Docusate (sodium or calcium) (1) ·
Ferrous sulfate (1) ·
Fexofenadine (1) ·
Guaifenesin (1) ·
Ketotifen (1) ·
Levocetirizine (1) ·
Loperamide (1) ·
Loratadine (1) ·
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1) ·
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; mixed natural and synthetic forms) (1)
brand:
Allegra, Allegra Allergy 24 Hour, Mucinex Allergy (combo) — all now OTC in US (1) ·
Claritin, Alavert, Tavist ND (1) ·
Colace (sodium), Surfak (calcium); many generics OTC (1) ·
Deadly nightshade (1) ·
Dulcolax, Correctol, Bisac-Evac (1) ·
Feosol, Fer-In-Sol, Slow Fe; mostly generic and OTC (1) ·
Generic; huge OTC presence (1) ·
Generic; many OTC formulations (1) ·
Imodium, Imodium A-D (1) ·
Many generics/OTC (1) ·
Mucinex, Robitussin, Tussin (1) ·
Xyzal, Xyzal Allergy 24HR (OTC) (1) ·
Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1) ·
Zyrtec, Zyrtec-D (1)
classes:
Daimonica (1) ·
gut-restricted)]] (1) ·
Plant Medicine (1) ·
Tropane alkaloid plant (1) ·
[[:Category:Antidiarrheals|Antidiarrheal]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine]] (4) ·
[[:Category:Antioxidants|Antioxidant]] (2) ·
[[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Diphenylmethane_laxatives|Diphenylmethane laxative]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Expectorants|Expectorant]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Fat-soluble_vitamins|Fat-soluble vitamin]] (1) ·
[[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist (second-generation)]] (4) ·
[[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Hematinics|Hematinic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Iron_supplements|Iron supplement]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Mucolytics|Mucolytic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Opioid_receptor_agonists|Peripheral opioid receptor agonist (μ-selective (1) ·
[[:Category:Stimulant_laxatives|Stimulant laxative]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Stool_softeners|Stool softener]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Surfactants|Surfactant]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (3) ·
[[:Category:Water-soluble_vitamins|Water-soluble vitamin]] (1)
mechanism:
None (5) ·
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000391-QINU`"' Minimal CYP metabolism; mostly renally cleared unchanged. Cetirizine is the active racemate; levocetirizine is the active R-enantiomer marketed separately'"`UNIQ--ref-00000392-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000061E-QINU`"' Less reliably anticholinergic than first-generation H1s; minimal antiemetic effect. Desloratadine (Clarinex) is the active enantiomer-of-metabolite version marketed as a Rx alternative. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000950-QINU`"' Mostly renally cleared unchanged; dose-reduce in renal impairment. Like cetirizine, retains slightly more sedation than fexofenadine in some users'"`UNIQ--ref-00000951-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CC9-QINU`"' Mostly excreted unchanged in feces and urine; P-glycoprotein substrate (the basis of the fruit-juice interaction). (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000104D-QINU`"' Adequate hydration is at least as important as the drug in producing the expectorant effect clinically. Used in combination with dextromethorphan, decongestants, or antihistamines in many proprietary OTC cold preparations. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001067-QINU`"' Chronic use is associated with cathartic colon (colonic dilation, loss of haustration), hypokalemia, and laxative dependence; reserved for short-term use or bowel prep with breaks between courses'"`UNIQ--ref-00001068-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000393-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000394-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000395-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059B-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000061F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000620-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000952-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000953-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCB-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FCF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000104E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000106A-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012D0-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001341-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001342-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (1) ·
10 mg PO once daily (1) ·
10 mg PO once daily (5 mg in older adults or if sedation occurs) (1) ·
100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) ·
200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER) (1) ·
325 mg PO daily to TID (=65 mg elemental iron/tablet); alternate-day dosing is now favored by hepcidin physiology for better absorption with less GI burden (1) ·
4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower (1) ·
5 mg PO once daily in the evening (1) ·
5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses (1) ·
60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) ·
General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) ·
Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) ·
Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) ·
Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula) (1)
preparations:
0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) ·
10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter) (1) ·
100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2) (1) ·
100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines (1) ·
100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) ·
2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom) (1) ·
25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) ·
30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) ·
325 mg tablets (65 mg elemental Fe); 220 mg/5 mL liquid (44 mg elemental Fe/5 mL); 142 mg/mL drops; OTC and Rx (1) ·
5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx (1) ·
5 mg tablets; 2.5 mg/5 mL oral solution; OTC (1) ·
5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC (1) ·
50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) ·
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1)
fda max:
None (1) ·
1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) ·
10 mg/d (adults) (2) ·
16 mg/d (8 mg/d OTC) (1) ·
180 mg/d (adults) (1) ·
2.4 g/d (1) ·
30 mg/d for short-term use (1) ·
5 mg/d (adults) (1) ·
No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) ·
UL 1000 mg (~1500 IU natural)/d in adults; routinely exceeded in older AREDS-1 trials (1) ·
UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) ·
~200 mg elemental iron/d typical practical limit (1) ·
~500 mg/d typical (1)
routes:
onset:
None (1) ·
1-2 hours (1) ·
1-3 days (1) ·
1-3 hours (slower onset than cetirizine; symptom relief somewhat less) (1) ·
30 minutes (1) ·
30-60 minutes (3) ·
Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) ·
Days to weeks for tissue saturation (1) ·
Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) ·
PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes (1) ·
Reticulocyte response at 7-10 days; hemoglobin rise of ~1 g/dL per 3 weeks (1) ·
Within minutes (1)
duration:
halflife:
None (1) ·
8-10 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000396-QINU`"' (1) ·
N/A (incorporated into hemoglobin and tissue stores) (1) ·
Not meaningfully described (1) ·
Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) ·
Variable; effect dependent on local intestinal action rather than systemic kinetics'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106B-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001050-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) ·
~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) ·
~14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCC-QINU`"' (1) ·
~3-4 days plasma; adipose tissue stores last months (1) ·
~8 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000954-QINU`"' (1) ·
~8 hours (parent); ~28 hours (desloratadine, the active metabolite, marketed separately as Clarinex)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000621-QINU`"' (1) ·
~9-14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD2-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (1) ·
10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate) (1) ·
High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"' (1) ·
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"' (1) ·
High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"' (1) ·
High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption (1) ·
Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) ·
Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) ·
~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"' (1) ·
~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) ·
~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1) ·
~85-90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000955-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (1) ·
Generally considered acceptable for short-term use.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered acceptable when needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered acceptable.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; loratadine and cetirizine have more pregnancy data and are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used. Cetirizine and loratadine remain the more-studied alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used. Levocetirizine (the R-enantiomer) is an alternative with similar safety.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used. Loratadine and cetirizine are the most-recommended 2nd-gen H1s in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Routinely used; iron requirements rise substantially in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Safe at replacement doses; high-dose use generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
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Showing below up to 14 results in range #1 to #14.