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None (11) · Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) · Bisacodyl (1) · Cetirizine (1) · Docusate (sodium or calcium) (1) · Ferrous sulfate (1) · Fexofenadine (1) · Guaifenesin (1) · Ketotifen (1) · Levocetirizine (1) · Loperamide (1) · Loratadine (1) · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1) · Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; mixed natural and synthetic forms) (1)

Aimovig (1) · Ajovy (1) · Allegra, Allegra Allergy 24 Hour, Mucinex Allergy (combo) — all now OTC in US (1) · Auvelity (dextromethorphan/bupropion ER) (1) · Caplyta (1) · Claritin, Alavert, Tavist ND (1) · Colace (sodium), Surfak (calcium); many generics OTC (1) · Dulcolax, Correctol, Bisac-Evac (1) · Emgality (1) · Feosol, Fer-In-Sol, Slow Fe; mostly generic and OTC (1) · Generic; huge OTC presence (1) · Generic; many OTC formulations (1) · Imodium, Imodium A-D (1) · Many generics/OTC (1) · Mucinex, Robitussin, Tussin (1) · Rexulti (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Viibryd (1) · Vraylar (1) · Vyepti (1) · Xyzal, Xyzal Allergy 24HR (OTC) (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1) · Zavzpret (zavegepant) (1) · Zyrtec, Zyrtec-D (1)

1 tablet (dextromethorphan 45 mg / bupropion 105 mg) PO daily × 3 days, then increase to 1 tablet BID (1) · 10 mg (one spray) intranasally in one nostril (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (5 mg in older adults or if sedation occurs) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 100 mg IV every 3 months; may increase to 300 mg IV every 3 months (1) · 100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) · 200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER) (1) · 225 mg SC monthly, or 675 mg SC every 3 months (quarterly) (1) · 325 mg PO daily to TID (=65 mg elemental iron/tablet); alternate-day dosing is now favored by hepcidin physiology for better absorption with less GI burden (1) · 4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower (1) · 42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration) (1) · 5 mg PO once daily in the evening (1) · 5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses (1) · 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) · 70 mg SC monthly; may increase to 140 mg monthly (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) · Migraine: 240 mg SC loading dose, then 120 mg SC monthly. Cluster: 300 mg SC at onset of cluster period, then monthly during cluster. (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula) (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1) · Schizophrenia: 1.5 mg PO daily, increase to 1.5-6 mg as tolerated. Bipolar mania: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3-6 mg. Bipolar depression: 1.5 mg daily for 14 days, then 3 mg. MDD adjunct: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3 mg. (1)

0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg capsules (1) · 10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter) (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 10 mg/spray nasal solution (1) · 100 mg/mL vial for IV infusion (1) · 100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2) (1) · 100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · 120 mg/mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector (1) · 2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom) (1) · 225 mg/1.5 mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · 30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) · 325 mg tablets (65 mg elemental Fe); 220 mg/5 mL liquid (44 mg elemental Fe/5 mL); 142 mg/mL drops; OTC and Rx (1) · 42 mg capsules (1) · 5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx (1) · 5 mg tablets; 2.5 mg/5 mL oral solution; OTC (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) · 70 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL prefilled autoinjector (1) · Dextromethorphan 45 mg + bupropion 105 mg ER tablets (1)

1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 10 mg per 24 h (1) · 10 mg/d (adults) (2) · 140 mg/month (1) · 16 mg/d (8 mg/d OTC) (1) · 180 mg/d (adults) (1) · 2 tablets/day (dextromethorphan 90 mg / bupropion 210 mg) (1) · 2.4 g/d (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 240 mg loading + 120 mg/month for migraine; 300 mg/month for cluster (1) · 30 mg/d for short-term use (1) · 300 mg/quarter (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 42 mg/d (1) · 5 mg/d (adults) (1) · 6 mg/d (psychosis/mania); 3 mg/d (depression adjunct) (1) · 675 mg/quarter (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) · UL 1000 mg (~1500 IU natural)/d in adults; routinely exceeded in older AREDS-1 trials (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) · ~200 mg elemental iron/d typical practical limit (1) · ~500 mg/d typical (1)

Intranasal (1) · Intravenous infusion (1) · IV (1) · IV (rare) (1) · Oral (18) · rectal (2) · Subcutaneous (3) · Topical ophthalmic (1)

1-2 hours (1) · 1-3 days (1) · 1-3 hours (slower onset than cetirizine; symptom relief somewhat less) (1) · 30 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (3) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · Antipsychotic effect over weeks (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · Days to weeks for tissue saturation (1) · Effect demonstrated within 24 hours in some patients (1) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) · Onset of preventive effect over weeks; some patients respond after first dose (1) · Over weeks (2) · Pain relief reported within 15 min in trials (1) · PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 7-10 days; hemoglobin rise of ~1 g/dL per 3 weeks (1) · Significant antidepressant response by week 1 in trials (faster than monoaminergic antidepressants which take 4-6 weeks) (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1) · Weeks for psychosis/mood efficacy (1) · Within minutes (1)

12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (3) · 3-month dosing interval (1) · 4 hours (IR); 12 hours (ER) (1) · 8-12 hours (2) · Daily dosing (4) · Daily dosing; active metabolites with very long half-lives (up to 1-3 weeks) (1) · Hours (3) · Monthly dosing (2) · Monthly or quarterly dosing (1) · N/A (1) · N/A (replacement) (1) · Sustained with twice-daily dosing (1) · Weeks (fat-soluble) (1) · ~48 h sustained pain freedom in responders (1)

8-10 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000396-QINU`"' (1) · Cariprazine ~2-4 d; major active metabolites desmethyl-cariprazine (DCAR) ~1-3 weeks → 'oral depot' effect with delayed steady-state and reduced effect of missed doses (1) · Dextromethorphan ~22 h (when CYP2D6 inhibited); bupropion ~21 h (1) · N/A (incorporated into hemoglobin and tissue stores) (1) · Not meaningfully described (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) · Variable; effect dependent on local intestinal action rather than systemic kinetics'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106B-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001050-QINU`"' (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) · ~14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCC-QINU`"' (1) · ~18 hours (terminal) (1) · ~25 hours (1) · ~27 days (2) · ~28 days (1) · ~3-4 days plasma; adipose tissue stores last months (1) · ~31 days (1) · ~6.6 h (1) · ~66 hours (1) · ~8 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000954-QINU`"' (1) · ~8 hours (parent); ~28 hours (desloratadine, the active metabolite, marketed separately as Clarinex)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000621-QINU`"' (1) · ~9-14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD2-QINU`"' (1) · ~91 hours (1)

10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate) (1) · 100% (IV) (1) · Adequate oral bioavailability (1) · High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"' (1) · High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption (1) · Limited but adequate; take with food (1) · Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) · Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized for the combination (1) · Not formally established (1) · Not formally established (high SC) (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) · ~5% intranasal (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~82% SC (1) · ~85-90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000955-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (1)